Medicine

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    Adherence of diabetic patients to their respective Management Protocol at Ribat University Hospital in Khartoum – Sudan 2021
    (Napata College, 2021) Rudaina Ismail Osman; Rewa Ezzaldein; Nusaiba Bashir Osman
    Background: Despite diabetes being a well-known disease, many patients have diabetes-related complications, forexample: DSF, cataracts, macro – and micro vascular complications, etc.This research tries to understand diabetes from a patients’ view-points, on whether they consider themselves adherent to not just medications, but to their overall treatment regimen and if they are aware of their treatment being much more than just medications to be taken, but an overall package of medication and life-style changing, and how well they are willing to change in their lives to decreases morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes. Objectives: To determine the level of adherence of diabetic patients to their respective treatment protocol at Ribat University Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan 2021. Materials and Methods:Cross sectional facility based study with total number of sample size 101, random systemic sampling was used to select the participants for this research, and the data was analyzed using SPSS v.26. Results:The overall adherence rate in this study was 63%. Females were found to be statistically significant with adherence level (P value 0.043). Married individuals also had a better adherence rate (P value 0.043), there was a very statistically significant correlation between higher educational levels and adherence rate, as higher educational levels college education and above had a p value of 0.001. Individuals with higher socio-economic statuses were also better adherent, middle and higher classes had higher adherence rates. Middle classes had a p value of 0.039, and wealthier classes had a p value 0.049 respectively. Older age was also statistically significant in regards to adherence rates (p value 0.049). No significant correlation was found in regards to better adherence and co-morbidities. Conclusion: Among the studied variables female gender, married couples, middle and higher socio-economic statuses, and college education level and above were found to be statistically significant with better adherence rates. Older age groups older than 66 years old were found to have astatistically significant to a highly significant correlation. The study recommended FMoH to develop unified evidence based management protocols with conduction of awareness raising campaign about the importance of patient’s adherence to these protocols.
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    Anxiety and depression among mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disability in Khartoum, 2022
    (Napata College, 2022) Tebian Elfadil Dirar Fadol; Samia Abd Almajeed Ahmed Mohammed; Samah Abdo Mahir Badr
    Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) are disorders that are usually present at birth and that negatively affect the trajectory of the individual's physical, intellectual, and/or emotional development. .IDD" is the term often used to describe situations in which intellectual disability and other disabilities are present. In this study, The age group of mothers >15 years reported in (0%) of women , between 15-25 years (16%) , between 25-35 years (44%) and above 35 years (48%) , University level of education reported in (32%) , school in (34%) , educate (32%) and non reported in (10%) , Residence from rural areas reported in (42%) of people and from town (58%) , The age group of children >1 years reported in (19%) of children , between 1 - 5 years (33%) , between 5 - 10 years (31%) and above 10 years (17%) , children diagnosed during pregnancy reported in (16%) of children , neonate (33%) , infant (21%) , preschool (18%) and at school age (10%) , Children with cerebral palsy reported in (23%) , syndrome (53%) and with special needs (24%) , The level of disability reported in mild (39%) , modrate (24%) and in sever (37%) , The follow up of mothers during the pregnancy show (87%) with follow up and (13%) without follow up , 97% was counseled and 21% was not , The figure show 21% of children admitted to main stream , 60% to special centers and 19% stay at home , On academic achievement the ability to understand is poor in (37%) , good in (40%) and excellent in (23%) , On behavior of a children (25%) are calm and (75%) are with difficult contact with others , 32% of children with family history of disability and 68% without family history of disability , The effect of child illness on child life style is about 83% of children and the other 17% are normal or without effect , About marital status (73%) married and relative relation , (7%) divorced and (20%) window , The effect of illness on marital status is present in 56% of them , The social acceptance of child disability is poor in (43%) of children , good in (30%) and excellent in (27%) , anxiety symptoms that appears in mothers of children with illnesses is about (67%) , depression symptoms that appears in mothers of children with illnesses is about (33%) , financial status that is low in (61%) , modrate in(29%) and high in (10%) , 27% of affected mothers is on chronic medications and 73% are not on chronic medication and 86% of them doing physiotherapy and 14% not . Mental health providers need to be aware of these issues, so appropriate mental health screening can be utilized among the care givers of children with IDD. It is important that these mothers receive adequate support in order to manage their mental health so that they can better provide for their child's needs.
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    Assessment of Academic and Social affect of Post-Traumatic Experience of War in Napta college Students, 2024-2025
    (Napata College, 2025) Hosam Eldeen Magdi Khalifa; Saleh Awadh Saleh Alhussien; yousef Abdallah Ibrahim jodi
    Background: The armed conflict in Sudan has resulted in the displacement of over 10 million people, placing an unprecedented psychological burden on the civilian population, especially university students. Exposure to war-related trauma is known to significantly impact mental health, academic performance, and social functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common and disabling consequences of such trauma. Objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence of PTSD among Sudanese university students affected by the ongoing war and to investigate the relationship between PTSD symptoms and academic as well as social performance. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among university students in conflict-affected regions of Sudan. A structured questionnaire including the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), a Trauma Exposure Scale, and academic and social functioning tools was administered. The tools were translated into Arabic where necessary, tested for clarity, and validated for local context. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, and results were presented in dummy tables and descriptive statistics. Findings: Preliminary findings show a high prevalence of PTSD symptoms among the respondents. There were strong correlations between trauma exposure and academic underachievement, absenteeism, reduced concentration, and impaired social engagement. Female students and those with direct exposure to violent events reported significantly higher PTSD scores. These findings align with previous literature on trauma in conflict settings (e.g., Badri et al., 2012; Hussein et al., 2025). Conclusion: The war in Sudan has severely affected the mental health and academic trajectories of university students. There is a critical need for integrated mental health support, trauma-informed academic interventions, and policy measures to support this vulnerable population. Addressing PTSD in educational institutions can play a vital role in rebuilding individual resilience and societal recovery in post-conflict Sudan
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    Assessment of Depression among Medical Students in NAPATA College due to COVID-19 pandemic٫2021.
    (Napata College, 2021) Alaa bannaga alataya ahmed; Enas jaffer yousif; Shahad motwkel ahmed; Sohila khider ahmed
    Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a mental health crisis among medical students in Sudan due to lockdown restrictions, overwhelming numbers of COVID-19 cases, financial difficulty, etc. This mental health crisis may led to high degrees of depression among medical students. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate incidence of Depression due to COVID 19 pandemic among Medical Students in NAPATA College 2021. Methods: This cross-sectional institutional-based study was conducted at NAPTA College-Sudan during period September 2020 to September 2021 by using Forms questionnaire. The questionnaire Form included a sociodemographic questionnaire and psychometric Depression scales evaluating the psychological Depression impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed in the study. Results: A total of One hundred seventy four medical students participated in this study, of whom 66%were females and 36 were males. After assessment of the psychometric Depression scales, it was found that More than half medical students carried in this study were found to have depression due to COVID 19 pandemic with different scales ranging from mild depression 38% of the study participants to sever 5% according to beck test. Among the identified risk factors, having a family member who was infected with COVID-19 was significantly associated with depression, with P values0.04. Conclusions: This research concludes that there is high incidence depression symptoms rate of COVID-19 among medical students
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    Assessment of knowledge of Basic Life Support among Napata Students 2022
    (Napata College, 2022) Fatima Daffalla Alhade Omer; Tayba Fathelrahman Mohamed El-Tayeb; Maarib Abdelmoneim Ali Elamas
    Background: One of the most common causes of death worldwide is sudden cardiac arrest. Basic life support (BLS) training rates vary globally, and there are generally few surveys evaluating students' knowledge and understanding of BLS in Middle Eastern nations, particularly Jordan, Syria, and Iraq. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess medical students' knowledge of basic life support. Method: This is observational descriptive cross sectional study conducted at Napta University, faculty of medicine Khartoum, Sudan. In undergraduate students at different levels at November 2022 , using standardized questionaire. The sample size was 494 and 500 sample was collected. The knowledge score was calculated. Results: This study included 500 participants all of them were students Only 5% of them have done a training course and 95% haven’t done a training course .17.8% of the participated students had good knowledge about BLS while 82.2% of them had poor knowledge regarding knowledge of effective resuscitation 8.2% of them had good knowledge ,knowledge about complication of CPR 29.4 %had good knowledge.53% had good knowledge about signs of shock and 16.6% had good knowledge about BLS in children and infants .26% of the students had positive attitude about asphyxia while 74% of them had negative attitude There is a strong association between knowledge, academic specialization, training and academic level (P value .000) Conclusion: The results indicate that students’ knowledge toward BLS is not significant and require more training. So there is urgent need to include BLS courses in undergraduate curriculum particularly in preclinical stage.
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    ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE OF TEACHERS TOWARD FIRST AID, OMDURMAN PRIMARY SCHOOLS, February – December 2021
    (Napata College, 2021) Nehal mahjoob elhaj elqasim; Heba abbas abdalwahab; Abrar omer saeed morgan
    Background: The knowledge, understanding and good performing of first aids can be vital to save someone's life in a case of accidents and emergencies specially children at age of primary school because they're exposed to illnesses and danger; therefore it's important for teachers at school to know how to deal with it and how to perform first aids. Objective: the aim of this study is to assess primary school teacher's knowledge, attitude regarding first aid. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study design was applied among primary school teachers at primary schools in Omdurman, eight randomly primary schools was chosen, the study was carried out in primary school teachers with exclusion criteria. A self-administered questionnaire was designed, data was analysed manually and by excel, charts from Microsoft have been used, chi squire test is used to estimate the correlation between the variables. Results: Of the 100 primary school teachers participants, 40% their age ranged between (41 and 50) years, 43% attended a course on first-aid, 73% of teachers said that first aid equipment’s are available at school, 49% of the teachers said that there a first aid responders at their school 66% of teachers have a personal experiences with incidents at school (50% ) had good knowledge, (35% ) had fair knowledge and (15%) had poor knowledge. We found that 100% of teachers have positive attitude toward FA. Conclusions: Knowledge about First Aid is not satisfactory according to standards of first aid in suda among teachers of Primary schools in Omdurman. First Aid educational and training programs recommended to be introduced at school curriculum.
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    Assessment of the Knowledge, Attitude & practices of Mothers of Under-Five Malnourished Children at Ahmed Gasim Hospital December 2022
    (Napata College, 2022) Ahmed Ali Mohamed Mohamed Elhadedy; Shadin Ayoub Ebrahim Adam; Afnan Aman Allah Azhar Alhoq; Salih Abdulwahab Ahmed Alnagar
    Background: Malnutrition among children is still one of the most challenging and complex problem worldwide. Sudan has a rapidly growing population, water scarcity, falling food production and low resilience to climate change. The combined effects lead to food insecurity which greatly influences the children‟s nutritional status Objectives: aim of the study was to investigate the impact of mothers’ knowledge on malnutrition preventive practices amongst children in Ahmed Gasem Hospital Dec 2022 Methods: This cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted at Ahmed Gasem Hospital -Sudan during period September to December 2022 by using structured questionnaire. The e questionnaire had four sections. The first section from question 1to question 11 comprised sociodemographic information, the second part from question 12 to question 30 comprise questions related to maternal Knowledge toward their malnourished children, the third part from question 31 to question comprised questions 37 related to maternal attitudes toward their malnourished children and the fourth part from question 38 to question 41 comprised questions related to maternal perceptions toward their malnourished children Results: The present study enrolled 108 mothers of malnourished children. Their ages ranged from 16 and 43 years with the median (interquartile range (IQR)) age being 23 (21 - 30) years. Most the respondents were aged between 22 and 30 years 59 (54.6%), from Khartoum 70 (64.8%), and unemployed 81 (75.0%). The number of children of the respondents ranged from one to nine with a with a median of one (one to two) child(ren). Respondents with one and two children were constituted 40 (37.0%) and 36 (33.3%) of the total respondents. Respondents held positive attitudes towards feeding their children frequently commensurate to the need for food. The study discovered that the majority (92%) of the respondents heard and understood malnutrition. Furthermore, the study found that the majority (88.4%) of the respondents knew that eating balanced diet food prevents malnutrition. The mothers knowledge was found to be 69 (63.9%) has good Knowledge, 25(23.1 %) has Fair Knowledge and 14(13%) has Poor Knowledge .The mothers Attitude was found to be 63 (58%) has positive attitude and 45(42 %) has Negative attitude. The mothers practices was found to be 55 (51%) has good practices and 53(49 %) has bad practices
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    Assessment of the Medical Students’ Perceptions Towards Artificial Intelligence Integration in Medicine at Napata Collage, 2025
    (Napata College, 2025) Obay Abdelwahab Abdallah Fadul; Shahd Mahgoub Makki Ali; Roba Abdelmutalab Ataelmanan Mahmoud; Roba Mohamed Alhassan Mohamed; Fatima Mohammed Almustafa Ibrahim
    Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made a strong entrance into different fields such as healthcare, but currently, medical degree curricula are not adapted to the changes that adopting these types of tools entitles. Furthermore, concerns about the accuracy, reliability, and proper use of these tools persist. Understanding medical students’ perceptions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is crucial for optimizing its use in educational settings. It is also important to understand the future needs of students to provide the most comprehensive education possible Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the perception level of medical students at Napata Collage towards Artificial Intelligence integration in Medicine in Sudan, 2025. Method: An observational descriptive cross-sectional facility – based study was conducted on February 2025. A total of 350 medical students participated in this study from Napata College, Sudan. Data was collected using online self-administered questionnaires using Google forms. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results: A total of 350 medical students participated in this study, of which females (54.3%) were more than males (45.7%), and the most common age group was found to be 20-23 years (78.9%), followed by 24-26 years (15.4%). The commonest academic level was third year (40.3%), followed by fourth year (38.6%). The majority of students (72.3%) have used Artificial Intelligence (AI) before to obtain medical information. Almost half of students (46%) are somehow familiar with the current artificial intelligence tools applied to medicine, such as AI-assisted diagnosis or therapeutic recommendations, and the majority (62.9%) stated that they have basic understanding of AI technologies. The overall positive perception of students towards Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine was found to be 50.1%, while 49.9%% had negative perception. A significant association was found between the perception towards Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine of students and their use of AI to obtain medical information, familiarity with the current artificial intelligence tools applied to medicine, and basic understanding and interest of AI technologies (P-value = 0.00001, 0.00003, and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: As overall, this study demonstrated that students of Napata College are increasingly familiar with and utilize AI in medicine and have a balanced view regarding its advantages and disadvantages. Although a majority of students perceive the future of AI in medical education and health care with optimism, fear from the ethical aspects and faith is present. In spite of frequent exposure, education on the topic is insufficient, as with the global pattern. Acing systematic AI training within medical school programs can prepare students to be more confident and ready to practice in an AI-oriented healthcare setting. Coming to terms with ethical concerns and encouraging practical implementations of AI will be the most significant considerations in achieving its proper utilization in medicine.
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    Assessment of Urea, creatinine and sodium in patients with heart failure
    (Napata College, 2025) KHAZIM AHMED MATAR OMER; MOZAMIL ABDELKARIM IBRAHIM ABDALLA; SUAAD ALSIR SALAH ZAKARI; MONIA ABDALLA ALI ALHILALI; ESSRA YOUSUF AHMED MOUSA; ZOHIRA HAMED AHMED OMER
    chronic heart failure is a complex of symptoms fatigue, shortness of breath, and congestion that are related to the inadequate perfusion of tissue during exertion and often to the retention of fluid ( 1 )، Despite remarkable therapeutic advances in the management of patients with heart failure (HF), the mortality due to this syndrome remains high ( 2 ) Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a progressive and disabling condition that significantly impacts patients' daily lives ،One of its effects is decreased opportunities to participate in social life, leading to reduced social interaction, loneliness, social isolation and lack of social support to continue with their daily life activities ( 3 ). There are causes and factors that affect the heart .Usually, high blood pressure, obesity, type 2 diabetes [T2DM], coronary artery disease [CAD], and heart valve diseases [VHD]), which more affect both the heart and blood vessels,( 4 )،In chronic v heart failure, the reduction of cardiac result and increased systemic vascular resistance to reduce blood flow to many regional vascular family, especially kidney [1-3]. The reduction of renal blood flow is accompanied by reducing the globatic nomination (GFR) and the renal streaming of sodium and water, which contributes to the composition of the edema،( 5 )، and Creatinine and urea concentrations in the blood change backward with the changes in GFR,( 6 ) The levels of urea in the blood are completely sensitive indicators for kidney disease, and they are high when the renal function drops to about 25-50% of natural,( 7 ) Creatinine levels were increased slightly due to the damage to the kidny by rdusced glumelar filtration rate ( 8 ).
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    Assessment patient’s satisfaction of palliative care service in adult cancer in Khartoum state 2022
    (Napata College, 2022) Abdullah Malik Abdul Majid; Mohammed Mustafa Babekir; Mohammed Omer Sir Al-khatim; Hadeel Edriss Ahmed; Yousif Moawia Ahmed
    Background and Aims: Patient satisfaction is an important quality indicator of health care service. The concept ofhome-based palliative care has been recently introduced in many countries, but the patients' satisfaction with this care remained unexplored. This study aimed to assess the satisfaction of the cancer patients receiving this care. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 51 surviving cancer patients above 18 years of age registered under the home-based care service of the Department of Palliative Medicine, at Radiation and isotope centre of Khartoum (RICK) - Sudan. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire based on the FAMCARE P16 questionnaire from November to December 2022. Descriptive analysis was done for the sociodemographic and satisfaction-related indicators. Result: The majority of the patients (88.2%) were satisfied with the service provided by the home care team. Most (76.5%) of the patients were women, and the mean age was 56.25 ± 14.8 years. The median duration of getting home-based care was 4 months. Main satisfaction indicators were—assessment of physical symptoms (70.6%), providing information about pain management (70.6%), the inclusion of the family in decision making (76.5%), coordination of care between the members of the home care team (84.3%) and availability of doctors, nurses and palliative care assistants (74.5%). Conclusion: Despite the limitations, the overall satisfaction level of the patients regarding homebased palliative care services in Sudan is very high
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    Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetic Patients attending Alfaisal Eye Center
    (Napata College, 2021) Anwar Alhuda Bashir
    Background : Diabetes mellitus (DM) can result in many complications such as nephropathy, cardiovascular, neurologic and ocular complications,1 with diabetic retinopathy (DR) being the most common microvascular ocular complication of DM. So to avoid worsening of DR we should be sure about awareness of patients of DR among diabetes . Objectives: The general objective of this study is to occurs due to poor control of DM and lack ofknowledge of the complications of DM.among many approaches, strong awareness of retinopathy by diabetic patients could help in the early detection, management and prevention of this complication. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study will conducted by the questionnaire for collecting data in the survey research. Results: about 34% of patients controling diabetes by taking medication , and about 4% they don’t know . 51% they say we do a blood test to find out if person diabetic or not and about 49% of patients say we do urine test .about 52% of patients say they should take treatment of diabetes till the sugar levels get under control , and about 48% they say we should take it for life long .60% of patients say the eyes is the most affected by diabetes and about 4% they don’t know .about 32% of patients say the problem of diabets in eyes is catract , and about 4% they don’t know .46% of patients say that they find out diabetes can cause retinopathy informed by physician at local hospital . and about 4% got informed from media.books. 62% of patients say that diabetes can cause retinopathy at the time of diagnosis , and about 38 % say any other . about 69.4% of patients say that yes diabetic retinopathy can cause blindness , and about 14.3% say no. about 61.2% of patients say that factors can cause woresning of DR is poor control of diabetes . and about 8.2% they do not know .about 32% of patients say the treatment opthion available for DR is surgery . and about 4% say they do not know . about 60% of patient say the person with DR yes can have a normal vision and about 8 % they do not know .about 66% of patients say yes the patient with diabetes should have a periodic dilated eye check up to look for DR. and about 12% say they do not know.about 54% of patients say the patient with diabetes but not having DR yes he should have a dilated eye check up every 6 months and about 38% say once a year .about 86% of patients say yes they taking medicines for diabetes as advised by the physician and about 14 % of patients say no they didn’t .about 64% of patients say yes their diabetes under control and about 12 % they don’t know . Conclusion: enough awaering of DR patients could really help in early stage since they getting diagnosed by DR and spaically when they diagnosed by diabetes then kept following up with physition , medicine spacialist and ophthalmologist .
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    Awareness of Mothers about Diarrhea Causes, Risk Factors, Management towards their under-five children in Ahmed Gasim Hospital 2022
    (Napata College, 2022) Aida Abdo Ibrahim Alhaj; Rania Ahmed Almustafa Elamin; Fayhaa Gasas A l-Khalifa Abdul Baqi; Tagwa Awad Adam; Reem Bilal Ebad Abo
    Background: Diarrheal disease rank among the top of three causes of child hood illnesses in the developing countries. About one-third of total hospitalization children are due to diarrheal disease and 17% death related to this condition. WHO estimate that diarrhea accounted for 13.1% of deaths among child under five in Sudan in 2009 reported. Mothers are a very important group that can able to save their children's lives, therefore this s study will concern with mother's management of diarrheal diseases. The objective of this study was to study mother’s knowledge regarding diarrheal disease and management in child under five years in Ahmed Gasim Hospital 2022.. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using the quantitative approach. A total of 120 mothers were selected randomly. Data was analyzed with SPSS. Categorical variables are presented as proportions and their associations determined by chi-square test with (P<0.05) as significant level and logistic regression. Results: Most of the mothers in current study their age was 26-35 years (46%), as well as most of them were housewives (88%). Regarding educational level most of the mothers their educational level was secondary (35%) moderate socioeconomic status was reported among most of mother. More than half of the mothers have poor knowledge about cause and Associated symptoms of diarrhea, identify the causes. Regarding Treatment and management of diarrhea most of mothers have poor knowledge regarding Treatment and management of diarrhea that is mean they did not know hazard of diarrhea. The current study show majority of the mothers have poor knowledge about preparation of ORS and stop ORS administration When Stop of diarrhea, Conclusion: Most of the mothers have a poor knowledge regarding Diarrhea (definition, causes, complication, prevention).Also most of the mothers had knowledge regarding management at home and how to prevent their children from recurrent diarrhea.
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    Causes of refusing of covid-19 vaccination among medical care providers in Omdurman teaching hospital 2022.
    (Napata College, 2022) AHMED MOHAMED AHMED ALFAKI; OTHMAN MOBARAK AISSA MUSTAFA; OHOOD NASRADDIN ALNOOR ALI; TOMADER ALI MOHAMMED
    Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic and a current public health priority affecting the general population globally. Vaccination against COVID-19 has been available in Sudan since 2021. Despite the existence of the COVID-19 vaccine and the increasing vaccination rates among, there are reports of refusal to get vaccinated in a different segment of the population, including medical care providers. Data on the acceptance of vaccination and its influencing factors are necessary. Little is known about why medical care providers refuse the COVID-19 vaccination. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons leading to rejecting vaccination, among medical care providing in Omdurman teaching hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a group of medical care providers at Omdurman teaching hospital. Data were collected from 307 participants through direct interview (100 participants were collected through an online Google submission form). Data were entered into SPSS program for analysis. Results: Approximately 46.57 % of the medical care providers in the study had refused COVID-19 vaccination. Among age groups, 37.7% were less than 31years old, from 31-40 years old were 5.5% and 3.2% more than 40 years old. Refusal among doctors was 19.86%, , 20.5% of nurses were refused, 3.58%, refusal among laboratory technicians, among Anasethia technicians 0.65% were refused to get vaccine, 1.95% pharmacists refused. Three main categories of reasons for refusing a COVID-19 vaccination were identified: it’s a new vaccine and there is no enough data, they don’t believe in vaccine, and it has many complications. Conclusions: Approximately near half of the medical care providers in Omdurman teaching hospital participated in this study were indicated to refuse COVID-19 vaccination. The development of effective vaccine will be an important landmark for vaccine hesitancy and refusal among medical care providers.
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    Clinical Overlap Between Malaria and Dengue: Symptoms, Misdiagnosis During 2024-2025, and Prevalence at Abo Jubayhah Hospital
    (Napata College, 2025) Rayan Awad Ali Abdalaziz; Amna Alsharif Abdallah
    Background: Malaria and dengue fever are co-endemic vector-borne diseases with overlapping clinical features, often leading to misdiagnosis, especially in resource-limited settings. Aim: This study aimed to assess the frequency of misdiagnosis between malaria and dengue fever among physicians, and to identify contributing factors. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted In Abu Jubayhah locality, South Kordofan State, Sudan, involving 50 physicians from various medical institutions between April and May 2025. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed descriptively by SPSS. Results: The highest age group was 55–65 years (28.0%), with males representing the majority (60.0%). Consultants (24.0%) and family medicine specialists (34.0%) were the most represented. Most physicians worked in health centers (44.0%) and had 15–20 years of experience (28.0%). Half of the respondents reported managing more than 20 malaria cases monthly (50.0%), and 28.0% managed 15 dengue cases monthly. Co-infections were encountered more than 10 times by 26.0% of respondents. Diagnosis was considered moderately difficult by 52.0%, and misdiagnosis occurred more than 10 times in 30.0% of cases. Similar clinical symptoms (90.0%) and reliance on clinical diagnosis (82.0%) were the most cited causes of misdiagnosis. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that physicians commonly face challenges in accurately diagnosing malaria and dengue fever, with a considerable number reporting frequent misdiagnosis and co-infections. The findings highlight the diagnostic complexity posed by overlapping clinical symptoms, co-endemicity, and a reliance on clinical judgment over laboratory confirmation.
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    Constituent of Renal Calculi in Sudanese Patients study in Ibnsina teaching hospital Khartoum Sudan 2021
    (Napata College, 2021) Elsiddig Abd Elrhman Ahmed; Nadir Elsamani Hamed; Mosab Ahmed Shraf Aldain; Tawasul Abd Elhameed Hassan
    Background: These may be found in any part of the urinary tract and always composed of substance normally excreted in urine, together with certain amount of protein material, including blood proteins. Objective: to assay Constituent of Renal Calculi in Sudanese Patients study in Ibnsina teaching hospital Khartoum Sudan 2021 Method: This prospective study was done during the period December to 2021. It determine the chemical composition of the urinary stones, which was removed surgically from urinary system of fourteen patients, males and females, of ages between 5-65 years, Attended Ibn Sina hospital (Khartoum state). Blood samples also collected from those patients before surgical operation for determination of serum calcium levels. This study aim to analyze the urinary stones, for calcium, oxalate, phosphate, carbonate, uric acid, magnesium and cystine. Results: Generally the result showed that 88% of the stone were found to contain calcium, 55% oxalate, 80% uric acid, 33% phosphate, 10% carbonate, and cystine cholesterol and magnesium and not deselected as constituent of stone in this study. Serum calcium and urinate were found to be normal in all patients in this study (means, ± SD: 9.6 ± 0.4 and 5.8 ± 0.5 mg/dL respectively. Conclusion: Most of the stone serum moved from kidneys were found to be small in size (less than1 cm diameter) those were found to be (less than 1cm -2cm), while most of the urinary stone and uric acid in association with normal level of serum calcium and uric acid in association with normal level of serum calcium and urate, Urinary stone are more common in male compare to female. Most of the urinary stone were found in the young age group (20-40) .
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    Evaluation of knowledge attitude, practice, barriers to ward research: The perspectives of undergraduate medical students at Napata College, 2022.
    (Napata College, 2022) Zohal alamin; Asma mohammed; Abd elazim abd elrahim; Amar bashir; Faozi ghazi
    Background and aims. Undergraduate involvement in research necessitates a better understanding of their attitude, knowledge, barriers to ward research. The objective of this study was to assess medical undergraduates' knowledge, attitudes, and research barriers. Methods. A cross sectional study included medical students from the college of Napata Sudan, where a self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate the students' knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers. Filled questionnaires were received from the medical undergraduates of level four and five of medical school. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results. A total of completed questionnaires were received from 163 undergraduate medical students. The overall result of knowledge among them was positively good (54%). The attitude of participant they exhibited that the majority of students (55.2 %) they advise to Importance of studying compulsory research methodology course Among the 163 students who actually participated in a research project (20%), Conduction of research (0.7%) Publishing a scientific paper (0.3%) Research presentation in conference (0.1%) Majority of students taught that the main barriers in conducting research were have Lack of interest (65%) Correspondingly, most of them Lack of sufficient research training (57%). Conclusion. Even though the students had the positive attitudes toward scientific research, a supportive and positive environment is needed to improve skills and knowledge of research and to overcome the barriers toward the conduct of scientific research.
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    Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Distance Learning Versus Traditional Education for Medical Students at Napata College, Sudan, 2025
    (Napata College, 2025) Motaz Shehabeldin Hussein Gadim; Farah Ahmed Osman Mohamed; Fatima Hassan Yousif Markaz; Mazen Esam Aldin Mahmoud Abd Alqafor; Anfal Badreldin Almin Bala
    Background: In recent years, the logistical challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Sudan have prompted medical educators to explore an expanded use of online instructional modalities. There are concerns that this shift to online education in medical schools could affect long-term learning outcomes for future healthcare providers. Furthermore, the effectiveness of this learning approach has not been thoroughly studied and evaluated. Online learning provides many educational benefits for medical education. However, there remain many challenges and obstacles which obstruct its effective usage. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of online learning among medical students of Napata College in Sudan in 2025. Method: An observational descriptive cross-sectional facility-based study was conducted between March and April 2025. A total of 324 medical students participated in this study from Napata College, Sudan. Data was collected using online self-administered questionnaires using Google forms. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results: A total of 324 medical students participated in this study, of which females (68.8%) were more numerous than males (31.2%), and the most common age group was found to be 20-23 years (73.8%). The most common academic year was fourth year (47.5%), and half of students (50.3%) had a good academic performance. More than half of students (52.8%) were living inside Sudan, while (47.2%) were outside Sudan. The majority (82.4%) preferred traditional face-to-face education over online-learning. The overall positive perception of students towards online learning and its effectiveness was found to be 47.1%, while 52.9% had negative perception. Time-saving (75.9%), more attendance (33%), and more attention (29%) were the most common mentioned advantages of online-learning. On the other hand, less attention (48.8%), getting bored (45.7%), and less understanding (38.9%) were the most common mentioned disadvantages of online-learning. A significant association was found between students preferences regarding type of education and age, academic year, and perception towards online learning (P-value = 0.0007, 0.0004, and 0.00003, respectively). Furthermore, a significant association was found between perception towards online learning and both age and residence status, (P-value = 0.0009, and < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: Overall, the findings from Napata College indicate a strong preference for traditional face-to-face education, despite the accessibility of online learning resources. While distance learning offers benefits like time efficiency and flexibility, challenges such as reduced engagement and comprehension persist. This study is reinforces the notion that while distance learning can complement medical education, it may not fully replace traditional methods. Future strategies should focus on blended learning models that integrate the strengths of both approaches to optimize medical education.
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    Factors affecting choice of specialty amongst Sudanese house officers and General Practitioners in 3 Sudanese hospitals in 2019
    (Napata College, 2020) Hassan I. Osman; Aya Abdelrahman; Mohammed Bahaaeldin Abdulghaffar; Abu Bakr Mohammed Osman; Mohammed Algum Elamin
    Background: All around the world, there has been an outcry by health officials discussing the shortages/possible shortages in certain specialties of medicine. In this research, we have identified the specialties suffering from this risk in Sudan as well as the cause(s) behind such a manifestation. Objectives: General: To determine the factors influencing specialty choice amongst Sudanese GPs and House Officers in 3 Sudanese hospitals. Specific: To determine the most attractive career paths for recently graduated medical personnel. To determine the factors influencing said career choice. To determine which medical specialties are likely to suffer from shortages in the upcoming future. Methods: A total coverage sample of 250 participants was obtained using a questionnaire designed to help achieve our objectives. The data was run through SPSS v.21. Results: 71.43% (178) of our respondents were female. 71.43% (178) were between 24-26 years of age. 67% (167) of our respondents were single. 57% (142) of our respondents were House Officers. The most sought after specialty was Obstetrics/Gynecology with 24% (60) of our respondents choosing it as their desired specialty of practice, followed by Internal Medicine at 16% (40). Helping patients was chosen as the primary motivation behind the choice of 24% (60) of our participants, followed by fewer work hours at 12% (30). Conclusion: Most recent graduates are single females aged 24-26 years who plan on perusing Obstetrics and Gynecology as their specialty of choice. They have made this choice because they believe it is the best manner in which they could be of aid to their patients.
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    Fmaily Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among married women in Bahri district ,Khartoum state 2022.
    (Napata College, 2022) Mai Hassan Alamin Hassan; Meaad Alaauldin Yassin Mohammed; Fatima Ahmed Alturaify Ahmed; Alaa Bannaga yagoub Musa
    Evaluation of the various factors that influence the use of family planning services is important to improve services and policies. This study aimed to asses Knowledge ,Attitude and use of family planning methods among married women in Khartoum North (Bahri). A cross sectional study was conducted in a simple randomized sampling of married women between November 1st 2022, and December 5th 2022. Four hundred married women aged 20-49 were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 30-39 years, 55% were university educated and 52% were housewives. More than half of them (59%) had 1-3 living children. All of the respondent's (100%) were aware of at least one contraceptive method. The most common source of information on contraception was doctors (46%), followed by Healthcare center staff (43%) and finally by social media , friends and family. More than two thirds of participants ( 74%) reported use of at least one contraceptive method, and about (26%) have not used any family planning method. Pills were the most commonly used method ( 52.7%) followed by natural method ( 20.3%), Implants (18.9%), condoms(9.5%)and ligation (8.1%).Among these more than half (66%) reported adverse side effects ranging from irregular menustrautions (59.2%) to inflammations (38.8%) , to unwanted pregnancies (10.2%) and even ectopic pregnancies (8.2%) and uterine perforations (6.1%). Among the women not using family planning methods (26%), the causes behind not using them were commonly the adverse health effects(46.2%),husband refusal (42.3%),no desire to regulate pregnancy (38.5%), no enough information (34.6%) and religious causes (26.9%). The majority of these women (76.9%) had no desire for future use and (23.1%) had intention to use family planning methods in the future. This study reveals that with increase level of education, awareness also increased. Most of the respondents have the considerable knowledge and favourable attitude towards contraceptive methods and the wide knowledge practice gap has shown a decrease in this study, which was contradictory to findings of studies done in other developing countries. Improved female education strategies and better access to services are needed to solve these problems. The use of communication media suitable for audience and adequate message is important in conducting effective family planning awareness activities. Efforts should be made to educate the public about the safety and convenience of modern, long term, reversible methods of contraception among both healthcare professionals and the public.
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    Impact of Obesity on Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes among Sudanese Pregnant Women Omdurman Military Hospital Khartoum State 2022
    (Napata College, 2022) Mahmoud Tarek Ali Elsayed; Mona Tarek Ali Elsayed
    Background: The rising prevalence of obesity has a significant impact on obstetrics practice regarding maternal and perinatal complications includes recurrent miscarriage, pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and prolonged labor. Objective: To assess the impact of obesity on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among Sudanese pregnant women. Methods: The study was conducted at Omdurman maternal hospital-Khartoum Sudan. Design: A cross-sectional hospital based study. The data were collected by a review of the chart records of the labor and delivery department. Results: The mean age of participants was 27 years old; two-thirds were in obesity class I. There was a significant association between obesity and pre-existing thyroid disease and induced hypertension class III. Conclusion: This study concludes obesity affects the outcomes of Sudanese pregnant associations between obesity and preeclampsia, and perineal tears variables, and other variables reflect no associations. Recommendations: Further studies are needed to generalize the results. This study endorses the pregnant women start the antenatal follow-up from 1st trimester