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    Knowledge and Practice of doctors and Nurses in ICU About Personal Protective equipment at Alribat university Hospital
    (Napata College, 2020)
    Background: Personal protective equipment are designed to protect health care providers from serious workplace injuries or illnesses. Personal protective equipment provides a physical barrier between microorganism and wearer. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and practice among doctors and nurses regarding personal protective equipment in El Ribat Hospital. Method: This study was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted in El Ribat University Hospital during December 2019 to February 2020. All ICU staff including doctors and nurses The researchers used a well designed valid questionnaire. The data were analyzed by computerized program; statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Results: the study found that 27(37.5%) of participants were male, while 45(62.5%) were female. the average availability of protection tools in hospital was 60%. Availability of medical showed was 35%, while availability of gloves was 84%. 50(69.4%) of participants had weak knowledge, 18(25%) had moderate knowledge, while 4(5.6%) had strong knowledge. 76.9%) of doctors had weak knowledge while 65.2%) of nurses had weak knowledge. And 0% of doctors had strong knowledge while 8.75) of nurses had strong knowledge. This differences between doctors and knowledge was not significant (P. Value >0.05). low practice was 0%, moderate practice was 53(73.6%), while high practice was 19(26.4%). there was significant differences between practice of nurses and practice of doctors, nurses had higher levels of practice than doctors. Conclusion: The present study concluded that level of knowledge among ICU staff doctors and nurses was lower than previous studies. No statistically significant differences between knowledge of nurses. The level of practice was similar to the previous studies, nurses are significantly more compliance with PPEs than doctors. Knowledge was significantly associated with qualification and availability of tools, while practice just significantly associated with availability of tools.
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    KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION OF THE NATIONAL RIBAT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TOWARDS PATIENTS WITH MENTAL ILLNESSES IN KHARTOUM IN SUDAN 2019-2020
    (Napata College, 2020) Issra Elkhair; Arafat Ali; Hala Ismail; Abdul-Aziz Suleiman; Amna Mohammad Noor
    Background: Attitudes and beliefs about mental illness are shaped by personal knowledge about mental illness, knowing and interacting with someone living with mental illness, cultural stereotypes about mental illness, media stories, and familiarity with institutional practices and past restrictions (e.g., health insurance restrictions, employment restrictions; adoption restrictions). Objective: To study Knowledge, attitudes and perception of community Tertiary Students in Ribat University towards mental illness. Methods: This was a cross sectional study in evidence based, conducted in AL-Ribat among Economic and Information Technology Students, during the period from October 2019 to January 2020. The sample size was selected convenient, 190 students were questioned using a questionnaire about knowledge, attitudes and perception regarding mental illness. Data were collected, computerized, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Results: This study found that 66.8% of participants were females, while 33.2% were males. The mean age was 23.7 years. The present study found that level of knowledge, attitude and perception were 85%, 82% and 67% respectively. Knowledge and attitudes were higher than perception, there was significantly association between attitude and age, elder students had higher attitude than younger. Gender was not significantly associated with knowledge, attitude and perception (P. Values >0.05). Conclusion: The present study concluded that levels of knowledge, attitudes and perception were higher than previous studies. Depression and Schizophrenia were the most common diseases known by the Students. Majority of students think that mental patients are not crazy. Approximately half of students think psychopath cannot bear responsibilities. Knowledge and perception showed insignificant association with age, while attitude was significantly associated with age. Knowledge, attitude, and perception showed insignificant association with gender.
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    Factors affecting choice of specialty amongst Sudanese house officers and General Practitioners in 3 Sudanese hospitals in 2019
    (Napata College, 2020) Hassan I. Osman; Aya Abdelrahman; Mohammed Bahaaeldin Abdulghaffar; Abu Bakr Mohammed Osman; Mohammed Algum Elamin
    Background: All around the world, there has been an outcry by health officials discussing the shortages/possible shortages in certain specialties of medicine. In this research, we have identified the specialties suffering from this risk in Sudan as well as the cause(s) behind such a manifestation. Objectives: General: To determine the factors influencing specialty choice amongst Sudanese GPs and House Officers in 3 Sudanese hospitals. Specific: To determine the most attractive career paths for recently graduated medical personnel. To determine the factors influencing said career choice. To determine which medical specialties are likely to suffer from shortages in the upcoming future. Methods: A total coverage sample of 250 participants was obtained using a questionnaire designed to help achieve our objectives. The data was run through SPSS v.21. Results: 71.43% (178) of our respondents were female. 71.43% (178) were between 24-26 years of age. 67% (167) of our respondents were single. 57% (142) of our respondents were House Officers. The most sought after specialty was Obstetrics/Gynecology with 24% (60) of our respondents choosing it as their desired specialty of practice, followed by Internal Medicine at 16% (40). Helping patients was chosen as the primary motivation behind the choice of 24% (60) of our participants, followed by fewer work hours at 12% (30). Conclusion: Most recent graduates are single females aged 24-26 years who plan on perusing Obstetrics and Gynecology as their specialty of choice. They have made this choice because they believe it is the best manner in which they could be of aid to their patients.
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    Assessment of Depression among Medical Students in NAPATA College due to COVID-19 pandemic٫2021.
    (Napata College, 2021) Alaa bannaga alataya ahmed; Enas jaffer yousif; Shahad motwkel ahmed; Sohila khider ahmed
    Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a mental health crisis among medical students in Sudan due to lockdown restrictions, overwhelming numbers of COVID-19 cases, financial difficulty, etc. This mental health crisis may led to high degrees of depression among medical students. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate incidence of Depression due to COVID 19 pandemic among Medical Students in NAPATA College 2021. Methods: This cross-sectional institutional-based study was conducted at NAPTA College-Sudan during period September 2020 to September 2021 by using Forms questionnaire. The questionnaire Form included a sociodemographic questionnaire and psychometric Depression scales evaluating the psychological Depression impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed in the study. Results: A total of One hundred seventy four medical students participated in this study, of whom 66%were females and 36 were males. After assessment of the psychometric Depression scales, it was found that More than half medical students carried in this study were found to have depression due to COVID 19 pandemic with different scales ranging from mild depression 38% of the study participants to sever 5% according to beck test. Among the identified risk factors, having a family member who was infected with COVID-19 was significantly associated with depression, with P values0.04. Conclusions: This research concludes that there is high incidence depression symptoms rate of COVID-19 among medical students
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    Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about hepatitis B viral infection and its vaccine among Medical Students in NAPATA College 2021
    (Napata College, 2021) Alaa Abdulrhman Ramadan Ahmed; Alzamzami Mohammed Abdullah; Zeinalabden Ibrahim Ahmed; Fatahalrhuman Abdullah Alradi
    Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a blood-borne infectious disease. Patients with hepatitis B may feel like influenza and might, in other cases, be asymptomatic, but blood analysis can detect the disease. Hepatitis B usually starts to cure on its own after a few months, but the disease can turn into chronic hepatitis if the virus is not cured and usually lasts a lifetime. Objective: this study aimed to estimate the knowledge, attitude and practice about hepatitis B virus and its vaccine among medical students of NAPATA colleges, Kartoum-Sudan. Methodology: this cross sectional type of observational institutional-based study conducted targeting medical students of NAPATA colleges in 2020-2021. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire which has been distributed among two hundred and eleven students using simple random sampling technique, the self-administration questioner aimed to estimate knowledge practice and attitude towards HBV and its vaccination and whether the students were vaccinated or not. Analysis has been done by using computer program (SPSS) for displaying frequency, mean and percentage. Descriptive statistics analysis also have been used. Results: this study found that overall knowledge about HBV hazards and prevention among students was good and satisfactory (92.8%). The majority of the respondents (86%) had positive attitude toward HBV and its vaccine, 69% have poor practice, 44% received vaccination and only 14% were fully vaccinated. Conclusion: Medical students were at high risk of exposure to the HBV by direct contact with patients and their body fluids or accidental injury by needles, that's why students should be vaccinated upon entry to colleges or before starting clinical training and well-educated about postexposure prophylaxis when exposed to these injuries.
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    INCIDENCE & COMPLICATIONS OF DELVERY IN WOMEN UNDER 20 YEARS IN ELSAUDI TEACHING HOSPITAL 2021
    (Napata College, 2021) ROMISAA ELHADI NOURELDAIUM; OLA AWAD MAGZOUB; RANIA ESMAIL MOHAMED
    Background: Maternal age is a determining factor for pregnancy outcomes. The impact of maternal age on obstetric and neonatal outcomes was evaluated by several studies from many settings, especially among early teenagers.. Objective: To estimate the incidence and complication of delivery women under 20 years. Methods: This was a cross sectional hospital based study,. The sample size was 120 women aged less than 20 years. The data was collected using a questionnaire filled with women after taking informed consent. Results: During the study period the total number of deliveries in the study area was 12387, of them 120 were aged less than 20 years, accordingly the incidence of delivery women under 20 years in Al-Saudi Maternity Hospital 2021 was found 9.7%. Participants aged 16 – 19 years were 105(87.5%) and who aged 13 – 14 years were 15(12.5%). The mode of delivery under 20 years, results showed that the mode of delivery was vaginal 77(64.2%), emergency cesarean section 23(19.1%) and elective cesarean section 20(16.7%). The type of vaginal delivery (n=77) was spontaneous 62(80.5%), induced 13(16.9%) and instrumental 2(2.6%). Majority of the participants 88(73.3%) had no complications. Maternal complications were postpartum hemorrhage 21(17.5%), perineal tear 9(7.5%) and uterine complications 2(1.7%). The majority of fetus 105(87.5%) were alive, 13(10.9%) had congenital anomalies, 1(0.8%) macerated stillbirth and fresh stillbirth 1(0.8%). Conclusion: The study revealed that delivery of women under 20 years was 9.7% , 80% of deliveries were preterm , 19.1% were under went emergency c/s >and associated with maternal complications PPH in 17.5 % and 10.9 % with congenital anomalies So we recommend Child health program at Federal Ministry of Health( adolescent health Reproductive health program at Federal Ministry of Health should be activated.
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    Proportion and Indications of Emergency Cesarean Sections at Khartoum Bahri teaching Hospital, 2021
    (Napata College, 2021) Dar Elnaeem Mustafa Altayeb Mohamed; Mai Mohammed Adam Abdullah; Donia Nabawy Abd ElAleem Qwaider
    Background Caesarian section is considered as a safer alternative to prolonged and difficult vaginal operative delivery and reduces maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. As a procedure it has related complication, whenever the decision made it should be evidence based. Objective To estimate the proportion and Indication of Emergency Cesarean Section at Khartoum Bahri teaching Hospital, 2021 Methods Retrospective descriptive study was conducted in statistical unit of Khartoum Bahri teaching hospital from June to December 2021 covering caesarian section patients’ records with in the years 2021. Data was collected, entered, presented using SPSS version 25.0. Results This study covered 130 patients’ records (women who had emergency caesarian sections). Most of them 101 (77.7%) were 18 / 39 years in age. The majority 103 (79.2%) were from urban residential areas, more than half of them were educated until secondary level of above, nearly half of them were housewives 64 (49.2%). More than third of them 48 (36.9%) were multiparous. Some of them had comorbidities such as hypertension 14 (6.9%). The majority of them were full term. The most common indications for emergency caesarian sections were abnormal presentation 47 (36.2%), pre-eclampsia 16 (12.3%), placenta Previa 15 (11.5%) and tubal ligation among only 10 (7.7%). Intraoperative complications were reported among 11 (8.5%) of them such as bladder injury 7 (5.4%) and bowel injury 1 (0.8%). Only 18 (13.8%) received blood transfusion, with no reactions. Most of the mothers were admitted to the general word after the caesarian section with no maternal death. In regards to the foetal outcome, the study found that 121 (93.1%) were delivered alive babies, 9 (6.6%) dead, 4 (3.1%) admitted for nursery. Conclusion: the proportion of c/s was 18% and The majority of deliveries with no but the common complication are Anesthetic complications, Bladder injury, Bowel injury, Wound infection and Hematoma, we recommend Measures such as trial of labor in primigravidae and increase the rate of instrumental delivery have to take to reduce this high rate of cesarean delivery in Sudan hospitals
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    Knowledge and Attitude toward Occupational Health Hazards among applied medical students at Napata College 2021
    (Napata College, 2021) Mostafa Abodijana Mostafa salih; Mohammed Hassan Yousif Abd Alatte; Omer Abdelrahman Mohammed Awad Elgeed; Mohammed Khalid Mahmoud Mohammed
    Knowledge and Attitude toward Occupational Health Hazards among applied medical students at Napata College 2021 Background: Health professionals and medical students encounter a variety of occupational health problems. Although level of knowledge and awareness of medical students toward this problem plays an importance role to prevent and control of these medical hazardous, currently there is limited information available regarding the level of knowledge, attitude and practice among the Health worker and medical students in Sudan toward Occupational health hazard. Aim of study and Method: A cross-sectional study among health colleges in their clinical training years in NAPATA College in Sudan to evaluate the impact of knowledge, Attitude of health college students towards Occupational Health Hazards during clinical Training. Questionnaire was used to collect data Results: Overall response rate was 100%, 58% of students were females. According to the students responses, students know about the occupational health hazard (83%), (50%) of them got information’s from Lecture in the curriculum. High percentage of students (92%) think OHH is related to their profession and effect it. Hepatitis B is most common acquired disease among health staff which answered by majority of students (72%). About the major hazard source, (55%) near to half of students answered Patient secretions, sharp tools, radiation and chemicals agent. High percentage (83%) know HIV and Hepatitis B are blood borne disease. (90.8%) of students choose Safety box is place to get rid of the sharp equipment. When asked about received hepatitis B vaccination majority 72% of students were not received. Questions related to HIV vaccine and transmission showed high percentage of students with correct answer. 95% of students giving also correct answer about Using of Mask can reduce the exposure of infectious T.B & COVID19 Conclusion: According to high percentage of medical students who gives a correct answers related about knowledge and positive attitude toward occupational health hazard, majority of medical students have a good knowledge toward occupational health hazard
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    Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetic Patients attending Alfaisal Eye Center
    (Napata College, 2021) Anwar Alhuda Bashir
    Background : Diabetes mellitus (DM) can result in many complications such as nephropathy, cardiovascular, neurologic and ocular complications,1 with diabetic retinopathy (DR) being the most common microvascular ocular complication of DM. So to avoid worsening of DR we should be sure about awareness of patients of DR among diabetes . Objectives: The general objective of this study is to occurs due to poor control of DM and lack ofknowledge of the complications of DM.among many approaches, strong awareness of retinopathy by diabetic patients could help in the early detection, management and prevention of this complication. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study will conducted by the questionnaire for collecting data in the survey research. Results: about 34% of patients controling diabetes by taking medication , and about 4% they don’t know . 51% they say we do a blood test to find out if person diabetic or not and about 49% of patients say we do urine test .about 52% of patients say they should take treatment of diabetes till the sugar levels get under control , and about 48% they say we should take it for life long .60% of patients say the eyes is the most affected by diabetes and about 4% they don’t know .about 32% of patients say the problem of diabets in eyes is catract , and about 4% they don’t know .46% of patients say that they find out diabetes can cause retinopathy informed by physician at local hospital . and about 4% got informed from media.books. 62% of patients say that diabetes can cause retinopathy at the time of diagnosis , and about 38 % say any other . about 69.4% of patients say that yes diabetic retinopathy can cause blindness , and about 14.3% say no. about 61.2% of patients say that factors can cause woresning of DR is poor control of diabetes . and about 8.2% they do not know .about 32% of patients say the treatment opthion available for DR is surgery . and about 4% say they do not know . about 60% of patient say the person with DR yes can have a normal vision and about 8 % they do not know .about 66% of patients say yes the patient with diabetes should have a periodic dilated eye check up to look for DR. and about 12% say they do not know.about 54% of patients say the patient with diabetes but not having DR yes he should have a dilated eye check up every 6 months and about 38% say once a year .about 86% of patients say yes they taking medicines for diabetes as advised by the physician and about 14 % of patients say no they didn’t .about 64% of patients say yes their diabetes under control and about 12 % they don’t know . Conclusion: enough awaering of DR patients could really help in early stage since they getting diagnosed by DR and spaically when they diagnosed by diabetes then kept following up with physition , medicine spacialist and ophthalmologist .
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    Constituent of Renal Calculi in Sudanese Patients study in Ibnsina teaching hospital Khartoum Sudan 2021
    (Napata College, 2021) Elsiddig Abd Elrhman Ahmed; Nadir Elsamani Hamed; Mosab Ahmed Shraf Aldain; Tawasul Abd Elhameed Hassan
    Background: These may be found in any part of the urinary tract and always composed of substance normally excreted in urine, together with certain amount of protein material, including blood proteins. Objective: to assay Constituent of Renal Calculi in Sudanese Patients study in Ibnsina teaching hospital Khartoum Sudan 2021 Method: This prospective study was done during the period December to 2021. It determine the chemical composition of the urinary stones, which was removed surgically from urinary system of fourteen patients, males and females, of ages between 5-65 years, Attended Ibn Sina hospital (Khartoum state). Blood samples also collected from those patients before surgical operation for determination of serum calcium levels. This study aim to analyze the urinary stones, for calcium, oxalate, phosphate, carbonate, uric acid, magnesium and cystine. Results: Generally the result showed that 88% of the stone were found to contain calcium, 55% oxalate, 80% uric acid, 33% phosphate, 10% carbonate, and cystine cholesterol and magnesium and not deselected as constituent of stone in this study. Serum calcium and urinate were found to be normal in all patients in this study (means, ± SD: 9.6 ± 0.4 and 5.8 ± 0.5 mg/dL respectively. Conclusion: Most of the stone serum moved from kidneys were found to be small in size (less than1 cm diameter) those were found to be (less than 1cm -2cm), while most of the urinary stone and uric acid in association with normal level of serum calcium and uric acid in association with normal level of serum calcium and urate, Urinary stone are more common in male compare to female. Most of the urinary stone were found in the young age group (20-40) .
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    Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Anemia among Pregnant Women Attending Ante-Natal Clinic at Soba University Hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan (2020- 2021)
    (Napata College, 2021) Amira Awad Alkareem Hassan; Eslam Abass Nasir; Fatima Alzhra Abdallah
    Introduction: Anemia is one of the most frequent complications related to pregnancy. Normal physiologic changes in pregnancy affect the hemoglobin (Hb), and there is a relative or absolute reduction in Hb concentration Aim: to study the frequency and risk factor of Anemia among pregnant women attending Soba Hospital Design: A descriptive, cross –sectional, Hospital based study was conducted among the pregnant women in the Ante-natal clinic at Soba University Hospital. Results and conclusion: There was significant correlation between severity of Anemia and Taking furious compounds, Number of meals taken per day Number of deliveries of pregnant woman, vaginal bleeding during the pregnancy kidney problems during pregnancy and knowledge about the reasons of Anemia (p- value<0.05).
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    Knowledge and Attitude of Health Care Workers for the “5 Moments Hand Hygiene” of Infection Control (Omdurman Teaching Hospital and Mohammed Elamin Hamid for Pediatric)
    (Napata College, 2021) Alaa Mohammed Elfadil; Esraa Salah Ahmed Ali; Lina Ahmed Mohammed
    This study was carried in two teaching hospitals at Omdurman, Khartoum State. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Five Moments of Hand Hygiene among Medical staffs in two teaching hospitals, Omdurman, Khartoum State, Sudan. Data was collected via questionnaires, interviews and personal observation of the health care workers performing hand hygiene. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. The majority of the health workers at the two institutions agreed to most of the questions. More than 95% agreed that hand hygiene compliance can be improved by displaying posters and reminders at point of care. While 90% agreed that compliance with HH can be improved by administrative orders and continuous observation. 98% of the health worker said should be enrolled in training sessions regarding IC and HH practices.
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    ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE OF TEACHERS TOWARD FIRST AID, OMDURMAN PRIMARY SCHOOLS, February – December 2021
    (Napata College, 2021) Nehal mahjoob elhaj elqasim; Heba abbas abdalwahab; Abrar omer saeed morgan
    Background: The knowledge, understanding and good performing of first aids can be vital to save someone's life in a case of accidents and emergencies specially children at age of primary school because they're exposed to illnesses and danger; therefore it's important for teachers at school to know how to deal with it and how to perform first aids. Objective: the aim of this study is to assess primary school teacher's knowledge, attitude regarding first aid. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study design was applied among primary school teachers at primary schools in Omdurman, eight randomly primary schools was chosen, the study was carried out in primary school teachers with exclusion criteria. A self-administered questionnaire was designed, data was analysed manually and by excel, charts from Microsoft have been used, chi squire test is used to estimate the correlation between the variables. Results: Of the 100 primary school teachers participants, 40% their age ranged between (41 and 50) years, 43% attended a course on first-aid, 73% of teachers said that first aid equipment’s are available at school, 49% of the teachers said that there a first aid responders at their school 66% of teachers have a personal experiences with incidents at school (50% ) had good knowledge, (35% ) had fair knowledge and (15%) had poor knowledge. We found that 100% of teachers have positive attitude toward FA. Conclusions: Knowledge about First Aid is not satisfactory according to standards of first aid in suda among teachers of Primary schools in Omdurman. First Aid educational and training programs recommended to be introduced at school curriculum.
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    Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Paracetamol among Information Technology Students in NAPATA College 2021
    (Napata College, 2021) Omnia Awad Hassan Mohamed; Nmarig Hatim Mohamed Othman; Fatima Abbas Musa Khogaly
    Introduction: Paracetamol is a drug that relives pain. They are widely used and generally safe but some people consume excessive quantities that lead to side effects. While overdose of Paracetamol produce severe fatal liver damage Objectives: -To determine knowledge of Paracetamol toxicity among IT student in Napata collage at 2021. -To identify attitude of Paracetamol toxicity among IT student in Napata collage at 2021. -To assess Practice of Paracetamol toxicity among IT student in Napata collage at 2021. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among IT students in Napata collage-Khartoum at 2021. One hundred and seventy students were randomly selected and interviewed. A structured questionnaire to assess the Knowledge, attitude and practice of the students regarding paracetamol use was used. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: The total sample was 170 students; it was predominantly females (68% females and 32% males). The mean age was 21 years (SD±1.9). Only a quarter (11%) of the respondents had good total knowledge regarding. More than three quarters (79%) of the students agree that paracetamol overdose can cause death. Half (41%) of the students agree that taking multidrug containing paracetamol is not safe. Eighty one per cent of the students who took paracetamol, headache was the most common cause for using paracetamol (88%), and both the pharmacy and the supermarket were the most common sources for paracetamol. Of all the students who took paracetamol in the last month 85% did that without prescription i.e. with self-prescription 25% of them did that to avoid time loss. Conclusion: Most of the students had poor knowledge about paracetamol. Most students have good general attitude but most of them had poor attitude regarding self-prescription. Headache was the most common cause of taking paracetamol and both the pharmacy and supermarket were the most common sources to obtain paracetamol.
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    Adherence of diabetic patients to their respective Management Protocol at Ribat University Hospital in Khartoum – Sudan 2021
    (Napata College, 2021) Rudaina Ismail Osman; Rewa Ezzaldein; Nusaiba Bashir Osman
    Background: Despite diabetes being a well-known disease, many patients have diabetes-related complications, forexample: DSF, cataracts, macro – and micro vascular complications, etc.This research tries to understand diabetes from a patients’ view-points, on whether they consider themselves adherent to not just medications, but to their overall treatment regimen and if they are aware of their treatment being much more than just medications to be taken, but an overall package of medication and life-style changing, and how well they are willing to change in their lives to decreases morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes. Objectives: To determine the level of adherence of diabetic patients to their respective treatment protocol at Ribat University Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan 2021. Materials and Methods:Cross sectional facility based study with total number of sample size 101, random systemic sampling was used to select the participants for this research, and the data was analyzed using SPSS v.26. Results:The overall adherence rate in this study was 63%. Females were found to be statistically significant with adherence level (P value 0.043). Married individuals also had a better adherence rate (P value 0.043), there was a very statistically significant correlation between higher educational levels and adherence rate, as higher educational levels college education and above had a p value of 0.001. Individuals with higher socio-economic statuses were also better adherent, middle and higher classes had higher adherence rates. Middle classes had a p value of 0.039, and wealthier classes had a p value 0.049 respectively. Older age was also statistically significant in regards to adherence rates (p value 0.049). No significant correlation was found in regards to better adherence and co-morbidities. Conclusion: Among the studied variables female gender, married couples, middle and higher socio-economic statuses, and college education level and above were found to be statistically significant with better adherence rates. Older age groups older than 66 years old were found to have astatistically significant to a highly significant correlation. The study recommended FMoH to develop unified evidence based management protocols with conduction of awareness raising campaign about the importance of patient’s adherence to these protocols.
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    Ventricular Septal Defect patients counseling at Ribat University Hospital in regards to their doctor's between May 2021 and December 2021
    (Napata College, 2021) Ahmed Omer Elsadig; Ayat Mussa; Ahmed Abd Elnasser; Mustafa Moneir Diab
    Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines counselling as ‘a well-focused process, limited in time and specific, which uses the interaction to help people deal with their problems and respond in a proper way to specific difficulties in order to develop new coping strategies. A doctor-patient relationship formed when a doctor attends to a patient’s medical needs and this relation built on trust, respect, communication and a common understanding of both doctor and patients’ (1). As a patient, being counseled in a good manner enables you to obtain sufficient information about your health problem, symptoms and available treatment, then how to deal properly and cope with the disease. Many patients suffer because they do not know enough about their disease so they deal with it wrongly, which leads them to a worse condition. Effective physician-patient communication has been shown to positively influence health outcomes by increasing patient satisfaction so a physician must appreciate that the patient is not just a group of symptoms, damaged organ and alerted emotions but he is human being. The United States’ (henceforth only referred to as US) Center for Disease Control (CDC) defines VSD as ‘a birth defect of the heart in which there is a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart.’ (2). Symptoms of VSD include, as per Mayo Clinic’s website ‘poor eating, failure to thrive; fast breathing or breathlessness; easy tiring………… Sometimes a VSD isn't detected until a person reaches adulthood. Symptoms and signs can include shortness of breath or a heart murmur’ (3). Research Methodology: This is a descriptive hospital-based cross-sectional study that took place in RUH. Our results showed that patients of the younger age group (18-23) were more knowledgeable regarding VSD than their comparatively elder counterparts (24+). There was a significant correlation between the patients’ socioeconomic level and their knowledge of their illness (those found to be of a ‘higher’ socioeconomic status possessed more knowledge of how VSD manifests itself as opposed to those deemed to be of a ‘lower’ socioeconomic status), the same was found to be true in regards to the patients’ educational level (those with higher levels of education were found to be better knowledgeable of their illness). Most (72%) were between the ages of 18 and 23, and were diagnosed between birth and 5 years of age (64%). None of our participants were diagnosed with VSD post the age of 15. 82% of our participants held a secondary education degree. 14% held post-secondary degrees, while 4% had only primary education 67% were found to have an income of under 100,000 SDG per month. 27% had a monthly income between 100,001 and 300,000 SDG per month, while only 6% of our participants had an income of over 300,000 SDG a month. In so far as the patients views in regards to their doctor’s ‘rudeness’ towards them, only 7% considered their doctor to be very rude ‘8-10’, while 27% considered their doctor to be kind ‘1-3’. The remainder 66% were rather neutral, assessing their doctors at between 4 and 7 on the ‘rudeness’ scale. 85% answered ‘yes’ when asked if their doctors explained their illness to them. Most of those (78%) were very satisfied with their doctors’ explanation, 3% were very dissatisfied with it and 10% were neutral on the topic. 100% of our participants answered ‘Yes’ when asked if their doctors explained the function(s) of their medication. 100% were very satisfied with the aforementioned explanation. 26% of our participants had only been with one doctor, 74% had seen at least 2 doctors in their lifetime. Despite this, only 7% of them had changed doctors due to them not liking the way their doctors treated them. The findings were consistent with data pertaining to the education of parents of children with VSD. Conclusion: In conclusion, our research showed that patients were not very knowledgeable in regards to their illness. It also showed that not enough medical doctors sufficiently teach their patients of their illness. Recommendations: i) The use of echocardiography screening in newborns in areas with high levels of reported VSD. ii) The exploitation of virtual communication technologies to aid in the education process regarding VSDs. iii) The invitation of experts on the topic in public platforms and allowing them to discuss their topic of knowledge so as to see to it that more trustworthy information is available to the public. iv) Teaching of communication skills courses in medical schools and insistence upon the student showing the ability to convey information to patients in a manner understandable to them. v) Positive work towards increasing the ratio of doctors to patients so as to see to it that the doctors are provided better time per patient. vi) The introduction of motivational payment plans for doctors so that younger individuals find themselves motivated to join medicine. The conduction of research in Sudan regarding VSD, counselling, and VSD counselling.
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    Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Napata College’s Medical Students towards COVID-19 vaccines, 2021
    (Napata College, 2021) Mohammed Gamal Gadallah
    Introduction: In December of 2019, the first case report of what later would be identified as COVID-19 was made . Little did anyone know that the illness would evolve to what it has. Now, we thankfully have a number of vaccines available on the market to address the ever-rising issue. Research Aim: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Napata College‟s Medical Students Towards the COVID-19 vaccines in of 2021. Research Methodology: This was a cross-sectional KAP study that took place in the Napata College campus. Results: A total of 107 participants answered our questionnaire. Most of our respondents (69.2%) were female and were in their 1st year of medical school (39.3%). They illustrated a low vaccination rate amongst the participants as well as a rather poor attitude (35.8% of our participants would not recommend someone else receive the vaccine). Conclusion: In conclusion, this research project has found that the majority of Napata College junior medical students (defined as those who have yet to initiate their clerkships) were not vaccinated. We have also found that a considerable percentage have been previously infected with COVID-19. If this is an indicator, it is an indicator of a disaster to come especially given the recent high-spreading Omicron variant of the illness. This illustrates the need for immediate, well-thought out interventions with the end-goal of putting an end to the pandemic that has taken the world by storm.
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    Assessment patient’s satisfaction of palliative care service in adult cancer in Khartoum state 2022
    (Napata College, 2022) Abdullah Malik Abdul Majid; Mohammed Mustafa Babekir; Mohammed Omer Sir Al-khatim; Hadeel Edriss Ahmed; Yousif Moawia Ahmed
    Background and Aims: Patient satisfaction is an important quality indicator of health care service. The concept ofhome-based palliative care has been recently introduced in many countries, but the patients' satisfaction with this care remained unexplored. This study aimed to assess the satisfaction of the cancer patients receiving this care. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 51 surviving cancer patients above 18 years of age registered under the home-based care service of the Department of Palliative Medicine, at Radiation and isotope centre of Khartoum (RICK) - Sudan. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire based on the FAMCARE P16 questionnaire from November to December 2022. Descriptive analysis was done for the sociodemographic and satisfaction-related indicators. Result: The majority of the patients (88.2%) were satisfied with the service provided by the home care team. Most (76.5%) of the patients were women, and the mean age was 56.25 ± 14.8 years. The median duration of getting home-based care was 4 months. Main satisfaction indicators were—assessment of physical symptoms (70.6%), providing information about pain management (70.6%), the inclusion of the family in decision making (76.5%), coordination of care between the members of the home care team (84.3%) and availability of doctors, nurses and palliative care assistants (74.5%). Conclusion: Despite the limitations, the overall satisfaction level of the patients regarding homebased palliative care services in Sudan is very high
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    Awareness of Mothers about Diarrhea Causes, Risk Factors, Management towards their under-five children in Ahmed Gasim Hospital 2022
    (Napata College, 2022) Aida Abdo Ibrahim Alhaj; Rania Ahmed Almustafa Elamin; Fayhaa Gasas A l-Khalifa Abdul Baqi; Tagwa Awad Adam; Reem Bilal Ebad Abo
    Background: Diarrheal disease rank among the top of three causes of child hood illnesses in the developing countries. About one-third of total hospitalization children are due to diarrheal disease and 17% death related to this condition. WHO estimate that diarrhea accounted for 13.1% of deaths among child under five in Sudan in 2009 reported. Mothers are a very important group that can able to save their children's lives, therefore this s study will concern with mother's management of diarrheal diseases. The objective of this study was to study mother’s knowledge regarding diarrheal disease and management in child under five years in Ahmed Gasim Hospital 2022.. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using the quantitative approach. A total of 120 mothers were selected randomly. Data was analyzed with SPSS. Categorical variables are presented as proportions and their associations determined by chi-square test with (P<0.05) as significant level and logistic regression. Results: Most of the mothers in current study their age was 26-35 years (46%), as well as most of them were housewives (88%). Regarding educational level most of the mothers their educational level was secondary (35%) moderate socioeconomic status was reported among most of mother. More than half of the mothers have poor knowledge about cause and Associated symptoms of diarrhea, identify the causes. Regarding Treatment and management of diarrhea most of mothers have poor knowledge regarding Treatment and management of diarrhea that is mean they did not know hazard of diarrhea. The current study show majority of the mothers have poor knowledge about preparation of ORS and stop ORS administration When Stop of diarrhea, Conclusion: Most of the mothers have a poor knowledge regarding Diarrhea (definition, causes, complication, prevention).Also most of the mothers had knowledge regarding management at home and how to prevent their children from recurrent diarrhea.
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    MEASUREMENT OF COAGULATION PARAMETERS & D-DIMER AMONG SUDANESE PREGNANT WOMEN WITH PREECLAMPSIA IN KHARTOUM STATE IN 2022.
    (Napata College, 2022) Abdalrhman Adam Suliman Adam; Abdalla Sayed Hamid Hamed; Ahmed Ibrahim Khalil Mohamed; Rashed Ahmed Khalafallah Ali
    Background: Preeclampsia affects 5%–7% of all pregnancies globally and is the leading cause of maternal and fetal death and morbidity. The mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia are unclear. In this study we aimed to measure coagulation parameters and D-dimer level among Sudanese pregnant women with Preeclampsia. Patients and Methods: case control hospital-based study Conducted at Omdurman Military Hospital. Khartoum, Sudan, study include two groups s ixty were women healthy twenty and group Cases were eclampsia -pre with women and questionnaire, interviewing direct using collected data ،control as included were D.dimer and INR APTT, PT, patients. all from collected was sample blood .(26 vs) programe ware soft SPSS using analyzed Data assessed. Results: out of total over one third 31 (38.8%) of patients within age group 20-30 years, followed by 22(28.3%) within age group 31-40 years. No significant difference in age group between cases and controls. According to parity, 23(38.3 %) of cases were Primigravida, 20(33.3%) were multipara, and 17(28.3%) were Grand multipara. Compared to control group 12(60%) of control group were multipara. (P value= 0.00). There was significant difference in mean PT (cases 23.34±21.4, vs controls control:18.99±1.37), (P value=0.036). INR was significantly higher among cases group (1.17±0.18 vs 1.10±0.10), (P value =0.00). D. dimer was significantly higher among cases (mean±SD) (5595.4 ±2442.0 vs 3240.6± 724.6). There was Statistically insignificant differences in PT, APTT, and INR according to preeclampsia severity. (P value>0.05). D. dimer significantly incresed with severity of preeclampsia (P value =0.041). Conclusion: Prothrombin time, INR, and D. dimer were significantly higher among preeclampsia group, and increased with preeclampsia severity.