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    Prevalence of hepatitis B virus among donors in Khartoum hospitals
    (Napata College, 2020) Amer Adem Ali Mohamed; Fadl Almargy Tayalla Ahmed Fadlalla; Mustafa Alnour Babiker Breima; Samah Alsir Albadwai Ali
    Background: The prevalence of transfusion associated hepatitis B virus infection across different geographical population. We sought to estimate prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among blood donors in Khartoum hospitals. Method: This was a retrospective study which involved reviewing of blood donation records for the year 2020, from Oct. to Dec. at Khartoum hospitals. The records were analyzed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus among blood donors. Results: A total of (100) blood donors were collected from Oct. to Dec. 2020 according to Questionnaire and the analysis were show the prevalence of HBV, according to blood groups the positive group sample have higher valid percent than the Negative of group sample. According to the ages of groups, it ranged between (31-40) old, is represented the higher standard, with ratio of 54%. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the study region is of intermediate to high endemicity with hepatitis B infection. Planning more extensive screening and vaccination campaigns and educational programs would help reduce the transmission of the infection among the general people.
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    Assessment of Blood Urea, Creatinine, Uric Acid, Calcium and Phosphorus levels pre- and post-dialysis in Sudanese patients diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
    (Napata College, 2020) Abdalgadir Mohammed Elmostfa Abdalgadir; Mohammed Almahe Alsmani Khojali; Noura Mohammed Abulwafa Hassan; Fatima Mohamed Abdulla Osman; Eltayb Ahmad Eltayb Shkyry
    Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a permanent Loss of normal kidney functional or structural with or without reduction in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), which may be due to various factors including infections, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, hypertension and other endocrine disorders, and toxin chemicals, may lead to death. Materials and Methods: A descriptive Cross-sectional study was conducted to measure the effectiveness of haemodialysis on (19) Sudanese patients with chronic kidney disease aged between (25-60). Three ml of venous blood was drawn pre and post dialysis from each patient, using disposable syringe. Serum Level of urea, creatinine, uric acid, calcium and phosphors were estimated in all samples by co-bas C311, statistical evaluation was performed using SPSS for windows. Results: The study showed significance statistical difference in the mean of urea, creatinine, uric acid and phosphorus p-value(0.000001),(0.0001),(0.0001),(0.002) respectively however the mean of calcium showed insignificant statistical difference p-value(0.992). Conclusion: The findings showed that hemodialysis have an effected on urea, creatinine, uric acid and phosphorus but has no effect on calcium.
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    Prevalence of Vancomycin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus in Khartoum -Sudan
    (Napata College, 2020) Alamen Elnel Alamen; Ahmed Abdullah Adam; Enas Awad Idrees; Badraldeen Mohammed Ahmed
    Background: This study conducted to detect Vancomycin resistance Staphylococcus aureus in patients with different clinical manifestations in Sudan - Khartoum state. From October 2020. A bio let Cross sectional study were done, (100) samples from different clinical isolates (Urine, Wound, semen and nasal swab) all samples were randomly selected, demographic data was recorded for each sample include age, gender and antibiotic administration. Material and method: All samples were confirmed by Gram stain, biochemical tests. Overall, 100 samples (77) male, (33) female, age range (19-37) years were included in this study. Result: The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined using Kerpy –Bour disk diffusion method. result showed Staphylococcus aureus sensitive for77%, 22% showed intermediate and 1% for vancomycin resistant, this only sample was isolated from female urine culture, intermediate present in 10 females ,12 in male while sensitive 22 female and 65 male. Conclusion: The result of this study confirm that the Vancomycin is the drug of choice until far So that the situation continues as it is to avoid resistance , 22% intermediate these percentage borderline show sign and alarm to educate population ,should follow the antibiotic administration policies and avoid (misuse and overdose) and Susceptibility test must be done for clinical isolate to avoid antimicrobial drug resistance (ADR).
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    Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice to Infection Control Among the Final Dental Students in the Khartoum stat
    (Napata College, 2020) Abdelaziz A Hassan; Shimaa A Jobara
    Background: Infection is one of the most crucial problems in health care services worldwide. It is considered one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality associated with clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge, attitude and practices with recommended infection control guidelines among final dental students in Khartoum University, AL-Raze University, AL-Nilain University, National Ribat University, University of Medical Sciences and Technology and Bayan College. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Knowledge, attitude and practices of the final dental students regarding infection control measurements. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted to obtain information regarding knowledge, attitude, and practices with recommended infection control guidelines. The sample (n = 186) of final dental students in both male and female. This questionnaire contained three parts and was distributed to the participants online. After validation of the survey, data were collected, entered and analyzed by SPSS software. Data collection: Tool: Self-administered questionnaire consisted of “23” close-ended questions. It was being administrated to “186” dental students to answer in a time of 20-minutes. The questionnaire was sent to all students and interns by email to be filled electronically and informed consent was obtained before commencing the questionnaire. Data analysis: The collected data will be analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 for windows. General characteristics of subject articles will be analyzed using frequency and percentage. Results: Regarding the subject’s attitudes toward infection control, the present study indicated that the, most of the students (90.3% - 81.7%) cared about protective parries (gloves, face mask). However, they were less concern about using other protective items (73.1% face shield, 72.1% gown and 52.6% head cap). Also, the findings of the present study indicated a very low rate of HBV vaccination. Only 72.7% of the students were vaccinated against Hepatitis B. In our survey, only 32.3% of students who were immunized have reported post-HBV immunization serology. In order to facilitate better understanding on how to evaluate awareness on infection control amongst final dental students, several questions related to previous education in infection control during the graduate studies were included in the questionnaire. The findings of this study showed insufficient knowledge among the subjects. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate insufficient attitude and awareness toward infection control. Subjects responses showed deficiency of education to support infection control measures and their self-assessment and satisfaction reflect their performance toward infection control policy. The deficit of knowledge could be due to the inadequacy of infection control educational materials during years of study. Another reason might be the lack of belief that practice of standard precautions may interfere with patient health and care. Recommendation: It is recommended that the findings would be useful for planning and implementation of future interventions, including a national survey of dental institutions across the country.
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    Knowledge, attitude and practices relative to oral cancer among Dentists in Khartoum State, Sudan
    (Napata College, 2020) وفاء مھدي خلف لله عطا المنان; دعاء عبد الرازق السید علي كرار
    Background: Oral cancer affects the lip, tongue and other parts of the oral cavity. The stage at which oral cancer is diagnosed is a major determinant of mortality and morbidity following treatment. No single factor has been identified as the causative agent but, there are a number of high-risk factors that have been associated with oral cancer such as tobacco (smoking or chewable), alcohol, human papillomavirus (HPV), genetic mutation and die. Objective: This study conducted to investigate the knowledge of dentists regarding the risk factors, clinical aspects about oral cancer in Khartoum state, Sudan. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted at Khartoum state, Sudan. A valid questionnaire was distributed via electronic link to the participants.100 dentists in hospitals and clinics in Khartoum state were participated in current study. Results: Out of 100 dentists, 67 were females and 33 were males. Regarding the specialty of participants the majority were GP (62). Oral & maxillofacial surgeon and Restorative dentist were the most specialty participated after GP. Most of them were less than 5 years of experience. About 93 of them selected Squamous cell carcinoma as most common cancer affect the oral cavity.Most of our participants think that the most common risk factor is habits as tobacco. Also leukoplakia has been chosen mostly as most common oral precancerous disorders. Conclusion: Assessing dentists’ knowledge is one way to measure their performance. This study identified gaps in knowledge among dentists practicing in the Khartoum State, Sudan which strongly suggested that dentists need to increase their knowledge about oral cancer. More continuing education programs on risk factors and diagnosis of oral cancer should be organized to train dentists. Oral cancer screening should be a routine procedure for the high risk patients at the primary oral health care centers in Sudan.
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    The top 5 emergency drugs used in 2020 in dental practice; A systemic review
    (Napata College, 2020) Monzir Salim Alzareef; Mussab Aboubakr Abdallah
    Introduction: Although medical emergencies in dental practice is a rather uncommon occurrence in routine dental practice, however, life-threatening emergencies can and do occur at any moment. Certain drugs are used in such conditions. With that being said, the practicing dentist should be familiar with their indications, dosages, routes of administration and the side (adverse) effects. Methodology: This is an analytical, quantitative systematic review study (known to some as a review article) that was conducted in the Republic of the Sudan by students at the school of dentistry at Napata College. This review is meant to discuss the top 5 emergency drugs used in dental practice and their indications, dosages, routes of administration as well as their side effects. To write this paper, we inserted a plethora of keywords associated with the topic at hand. A number of researches were excluded as they were inaccessible to us, unrelated to the topic or because they were relatively anachronistic. Following this, we were left with a total of 9 papers, the findings of which are illustrated hereabouts. Results: the 5 most common recommended drugs are: Nitroglycerin (6), Salbutamol (6), Epinephrine (Adrenaline) (5), Oxygen (4), Aspirin (4), Oral glucose (4). The justification as to why more than 5 drug are listed is available in the full thesis. Conclusion: In conclusion, our research has indicated an alarming lack of training in dealing with emergencies, an alarming lack of preparedness for emergencies when and if they manifest themselves as well as a lack of availability of drugs that would aid in the management of these emergencies. Recommendation: 1) Introduction of emergency courses in higher education institutes teaching dentistry. 2) Introduction of legislation which requires dentists to possess, at the very minimum, the 5 aforementioned drugs in their practices as well as knowledge of how to use them. 3) Introduction of legislation which would require dentists see to it that the drugs they possess are not expired. 4) Introduction of legislature that would require dentists attend ‘emergency 101’ courses at least once every 5 years. 5) Introduction of an evaluation test in which dentists’ abilities to handle emergencies are evaluated. This test is to be taken whenever a dentist graduates and is about to practice and henceforth at least once every half a decade. 6) Requiring every conference of dentistry worldwide to have, at the very minimum, at least one poster discussing emergencies.
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    Knowledge and Practice of doctors and Nurses in ICU About Personal Protective equipment at Alribat university Hospital
    (Napata College, 2020)
    Background: Personal protective equipment are designed to protect health care providers from serious workplace injuries or illnesses. Personal protective equipment provides a physical barrier between microorganism and wearer. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and practice among doctors and nurses regarding personal protective equipment in El Ribat Hospital. Method: This study was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted in El Ribat University Hospital during December 2019 to February 2020. All ICU staff including doctors and nurses The researchers used a well designed valid questionnaire. The data were analyzed by computerized program; statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Results: the study found that 27(37.5%) of participants were male, while 45(62.5%) were female. the average availability of protection tools in hospital was 60%. Availability of medical showed was 35%, while availability of gloves was 84%. 50(69.4%) of participants had weak knowledge, 18(25%) had moderate knowledge, while 4(5.6%) had strong knowledge. 76.9%) of doctors had weak knowledge while 65.2%) of nurses had weak knowledge. And 0% of doctors had strong knowledge while 8.75) of nurses had strong knowledge. This differences between doctors and knowledge was not significant (P. Value >0.05). low practice was 0%, moderate practice was 53(73.6%), while high practice was 19(26.4%). there was significant differences between practice of nurses and practice of doctors, nurses had higher levels of practice than doctors. Conclusion: The present study concluded that level of knowledge among ICU staff doctors and nurses was lower than previous studies. No statistically significant differences between knowledge of nurses. The level of practice was similar to the previous studies, nurses are significantly more compliance with PPEs than doctors. Knowledge was significantly associated with qualification and availability of tools, while practice just significantly associated with availability of tools.
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    KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION OF THE NATIONAL RIBAT UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TOWARDS PATIENTS WITH MENTAL ILLNESSES IN KHARTOUM IN SUDAN 2019-2020
    (Napata College, 2020) Issra Elkhair; Arafat Ali; Hala Ismail; Abdul-Aziz Suleiman; Amna Mohammad Noor
    Background: Attitudes and beliefs about mental illness are shaped by personal knowledge about mental illness, knowing and interacting with someone living with mental illness, cultural stereotypes about mental illness, media stories, and familiarity with institutional practices and past restrictions (e.g., health insurance restrictions, employment restrictions; adoption restrictions). Objective: To study Knowledge, attitudes and perception of community Tertiary Students in Ribat University towards mental illness. Methods: This was a cross sectional study in evidence based, conducted in AL-Ribat among Economic and Information Technology Students, during the period from October 2019 to January 2020. The sample size was selected convenient, 190 students were questioned using a questionnaire about knowledge, attitudes and perception regarding mental illness. Data were collected, computerized, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Results: This study found that 66.8% of participants were females, while 33.2% were males. The mean age was 23.7 years. The present study found that level of knowledge, attitude and perception were 85%, 82% and 67% respectively. Knowledge and attitudes were higher than perception, there was significantly association between attitude and age, elder students had higher attitude than younger. Gender was not significantly associated with knowledge, attitude and perception (P. Values >0.05). Conclusion: The present study concluded that levels of knowledge, attitudes and perception were higher than previous studies. Depression and Schizophrenia were the most common diseases known by the Students. Majority of students think that mental patients are not crazy. Approximately half of students think psychopath cannot bear responsibilities. Knowledge and perception showed insignificant association with age, while attitude was significantly associated with age. Knowledge, attitude, and perception showed insignificant association with gender.
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    Factors affecting choice of specialty amongst Sudanese house officers and General Practitioners in 3 Sudanese hospitals in 2019
    (Napata College, 2020) Hassan I. Osman; Aya Abdelrahman; Mohammed Bahaaeldin Abdulghaffar; Abu Bakr Mohammed Osman; Mohammed Algum Elamin
    Background: All around the world, there has been an outcry by health officials discussing the shortages/possible shortages in certain specialties of medicine. In this research, we have identified the specialties suffering from this risk in Sudan as well as the cause(s) behind such a manifestation. Objectives: General: To determine the factors influencing specialty choice amongst Sudanese GPs and House Officers in 3 Sudanese hospitals. Specific: To determine the most attractive career paths for recently graduated medical personnel. To determine the factors influencing said career choice. To determine which medical specialties are likely to suffer from shortages in the upcoming future. Methods: A total coverage sample of 250 participants was obtained using a questionnaire designed to help achieve our objectives. The data was run through SPSS v.21. Results: 71.43% (178) of our respondents were female. 71.43% (178) were between 24-26 years of age. 67% (167) of our respondents were single. 57% (142) of our respondents were House Officers. The most sought after specialty was Obstetrics/Gynecology with 24% (60) of our respondents choosing it as their desired specialty of practice, followed by Internal Medicine at 16% (40). Helping patients was chosen as the primary motivation behind the choice of 24% (60) of our participants, followed by fewer work hours at 12% (30). Conclusion: Most recent graduates are single females aged 24-26 years who plan on perusing Obstetrics and Gynecology as their specialty of choice. They have made this choice because they believe it is the best manner in which they could be of aid to their patients.
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    Assessment of Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Oral Hygiene for Intensive Care Unit Patients in Khartoum State at Governmental Hospital, 2020_2021
    (Napata College, 2020) Emad Abdelakareem; Mazin Babiker
    Oral care is a vital procedure for critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Oral care may affect the clinical result as well as the wellness of intensive care patients. Adequate knowledge about oral nursing care guideline is important for nurses to deliver appropriate oral care. A descriptive cross sectional hospital based study was conducted aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of intensive care nurses regarding oral care in critically ill patients in seven governmental Hospitals, Khartoum State, Sudan,(2020-2021). The sample size consisted of 95 nurses in ICUs. Data were collected using interview questionnaire; data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results revealed that (65.3%) of nurses with 1-3 years of experience. (63.2%) of participants responded with correct answers regarding definition of dental plaque, only 4.2% knew that gingivitis is a gum disease. 24.2% said gingivitis is due to plaque. (64.2%) of participants knew that periodontitis is an Inflammation of tooth supporting structure, 24.2% said plaque is the cause of periodontitis. (57.9%) of participants practice mouth care twice per a day ., The study concluded that nurses' knowledge regarding oral care for critically ill patients in intensive care unit was inadequate , while their practice and attitude is fair.
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    Drugs and Pharmacy Locating System
    (Napata College, 2020) Mohammed Jaafer Ibrahim; Mohammed ALwasila Ali
    The technological development that the world is witnessing today in various aspects of life has had a clear impact in many areas. Also, the rapid technological development that has appeared in smart phones has become very reliable in carrying out our daily tasks, we researchers proposed to create a two-part system, the first part, the customer part, which is It is an application that works on smart phone devices that use the Android operating system, the application provides a search for drugs to be searched, where a group of pharmacies are searched to find the required medicine, and the application also searches for pharmacies nearby of the customer on the map based on google (Api) including other (Apis) provided by Google and determine the exact location of the customer , And the second part, which is a management system for the customer's system (application), the system has been tested and made sure that the operations are done correctly and clearly so that anyone can deal with the system and use it with ease.
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    نظام حجز تذاكر الطيران
    (Napata College, 2020) غازي صلاح الدين نور الله; نفيسه بله السيد
    هدفت الد ا رسة إلي التحول من نظام الحجز الیدوي إلي النظام المحوسب وتقلیل زمن تقدیم الخدمة الذي یستغرقه العمیل وفي الصفوف والانتظار الطویل، وكذلك الاستعلام عن الخدمة ومدي إتاحتها للجمهور وتقلیل كلفة الخدمة وتمكن العمیل من معرفة الفرص المتاحة امامه للاختیار بین شركات الطی ا رن، كذلك إمكانیة الاستعلام عن الرحلات ووقت قیامها بسهولة ویسر عن طریق توفیر طاقم خدمة قادر علي استخدام النظام المحوسب والرد علي استعلامات العملاء وبالتالي معالجة مشكلة تفویت الرحلات علي العملاء وفقدهم فرص السفر في الزمن الذي یناسبهم، وقد توصل الباحثان لعدد من النتائج تمثلت في تسهیل عملیات البحث التي یحتاجها العملاء في الاستعلام واختیار الرحلات التي تناسبهم بسهولة ویسر واستخدام وسائل الدفع الالكتروني في سداد قیمة التذكرة كذلك یتیح التواصل مع العملاء بغرض تحسین الخدمات التي تقدمها الشركات وخرجت الد ا رسة بعدد من التوصیات أهمها توفیر الانترنیت بسعات عریضة ونشره في كافة انحاء البلاد وتقلیل تكلفة استخدامه كذلك ضرورة استق ا رر التیار الكهربائي الذي تعتمد علیه التقنیة الحدیثة في التشغیل بالاضافة الي الاهتمام بتدریس تطبیقات الموبایل في الجامعات لتخریج اجیال لها المقدرة علي انتاج تطبیقات تعمل علي الموبایل.
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    Comparative smart market
    (Napata College, 2020) Athelah Mohamed Omar; Zaineb Fathalrahman Sedeeg
    In view of the wide spread of the Internet, which has become accessible to most members of society, and the country has gone through one of the biggest crises of the new century represented by the outbreak of the new Corona virus, and from the standpoint of facilitating people's lives, keeping pace with technological and cultural development and achieving development in Sudan, the idea of the project was launched, which is to provide a website for marketing basic food commodities. The idea of the project is to provide a website that reaches the largest possible number of customers through the site, so that it achieves the main goal of the project, which is to compare the prices of food commodities in the major stores, which are the main point for buying groceries and slipping you through one site, which saves them the trouble of traditional shopping, saves the time and effort of the shopper and transforms Shopping for the pleasure of surfing the Internet from different computers or via smart devices from anywhere. We are also looking forward to adding all the major stores in the country to facilitate the exchange of services and the delivery of products on a wider scale.
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    Detection of Beta-lactamase TEM gene in Escherichia coli Isolates Collected from Urine Samples in Khartoum State – Sudan
    (Napata College, 2021) Alaa Shamsaldeen Alboshary Ahmed; Ghofran Ibraheem Ahmed Hasan; Jenan Mohammed Adam Altaher; Laila Salah Mohammed Taha; Nawader Alamamoon Abualtayib Alnoor; Nazik Malik Ibraheem Saeed; Sadia Zakarya Trebo Osman; Tibyan Hasabalrasool Altayib Hasan
    Escherichia coli are the most common cause of urinary tract infections worldwide and they are the fourth leading cause of health care associated infections. The objective of this study was detection of Beta-lactamase TEM gene in Escherichia coli Isolates Collected from Urine Samples in Khartoum State – Sudan. A total of 96 of Escherichia coli were isolated from different hospitals in Khartoum State. The present study showed that the percentage of infection in females (64/96) (66.7%) were more than the percentage of infection in males (32/96) (33.3%). There was high prevalence rate of Escherichia coli urinary tract infection within the age group (25-44) (35.4%). Out of 96 isolated Escherichia coli 76(79.2%) were positive for TEM gene. Further studies with large number of samples and more advanced techniques are required to validate the results of the present study.
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    Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolated from urinary tract infection among patients under chemotherapy and non chemotherapy in Khartoum state Sudan “2021
    (Napata College, 2021) Husam Eldien Kamal Hamad Mohamed; Ahmed Manaa Badawi Omer; Mahir Awad Yassin Diaeldean,; Sufian Ali Abubaker Ishag; Mohamed El nibras Abdallah billal; Sambo Alim Sambo Khaundi; Mohammed Allalah Mohammed; Ahmed Ahmed Abdullah Ahmed
    Background Urinary tract infections are the common types of infections in the community and health care settings. Despite the widespread availability of antibiotics, urinary tract infection remains a worldwide therapeutic problem. It is a continuous and significant problem in cancer patients. Methods A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 study participants from August to October 2021. Sociodemographic data were collected by a predesigned questionnaire and midstream urine samples collected using simple random sampling technique by using clean, sterile plastic cups and then inoculated onto CLED agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Urine culture was considered significant bacteriuria when colony forming units ≥105/mL of voided urine. Identification was done by using standard microbiological methods. Modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique was applied for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in accordance with CLSI 2018 criteria. Data were entered, cleared, checked and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. The results were displayed using tables and figures. Value <0.05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in cancer patients was 56% and 44% of samples did not grow in media. Staphylococcus aureus (20%) was the commonest isolated uropathogenic bacteria followed by E. coli (18%), Candida albicans (10%), Pseudomonas argionosa (4%), Enterococcus fecalis (2%) and Klebsiella species (2%), in cancer patients. Conclusions This study showed a high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among cancer patients (56%) compared to apparently healthy donors (44%). E. coli was isolated predominately.
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    Assessment of Depression among Medical Students in NAPATA College due to COVID-19 pandemic٫2021.
    (Napata College, 2021) Alaa bannaga alataya ahmed; Enas jaffer yousif; Shahad motwkel ahmed; Sohila khider ahmed
    Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a mental health crisis among medical students in Sudan due to lockdown restrictions, overwhelming numbers of COVID-19 cases, financial difficulty, etc. This mental health crisis may led to high degrees of depression among medical students. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate incidence of Depression due to COVID 19 pandemic among Medical Students in NAPATA College 2021. Methods: This cross-sectional institutional-based study was conducted at NAPTA College-Sudan during period September 2020 to September 2021 by using Forms questionnaire. The questionnaire Form included a sociodemographic questionnaire and psychometric Depression scales evaluating the psychological Depression impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed in the study. Results: A total of One hundred seventy four medical students participated in this study, of whom 66%were females and 36 were males. After assessment of the psychometric Depression scales, it was found that More than half medical students carried in this study were found to have depression due to COVID 19 pandemic with different scales ranging from mild depression 38% of the study participants to sever 5% according to beck test. Among the identified risk factors, having a family member who was infected with COVID-19 was significantly associated with depression, with P values0.04. Conclusions: This research concludes that there is high incidence depression symptoms rate of COVID-19 among medical students
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    Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about hepatitis B viral infection and its vaccine among Medical Students in NAPATA College 2021
    (Napata College, 2021) Alaa Abdulrhman Ramadan Ahmed; Alzamzami Mohammed Abdullah; Zeinalabden Ibrahim Ahmed; Fatahalrhuman Abdullah Alradi
    Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a blood-borne infectious disease. Patients with hepatitis B may feel like influenza and might, in other cases, be asymptomatic, but blood analysis can detect the disease. Hepatitis B usually starts to cure on its own after a few months, but the disease can turn into chronic hepatitis if the virus is not cured and usually lasts a lifetime. Objective: this study aimed to estimate the knowledge, attitude and practice about hepatitis B virus and its vaccine among medical students of NAPATA colleges, Kartoum-Sudan. Methodology: this cross sectional type of observational institutional-based study conducted targeting medical students of NAPATA colleges in 2020-2021. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire which has been distributed among two hundred and eleven students using simple random sampling technique, the self-administration questioner aimed to estimate knowledge practice and attitude towards HBV and its vaccination and whether the students were vaccinated or not. Analysis has been done by using computer program (SPSS) for displaying frequency, mean and percentage. Descriptive statistics analysis also have been used. Results: this study found that overall knowledge about HBV hazards and prevention among students was good and satisfactory (92.8%). The majority of the respondents (86%) had positive attitude toward HBV and its vaccine, 69% have poor practice, 44% received vaccination and only 14% were fully vaccinated. Conclusion: Medical students were at high risk of exposure to the HBV by direct contact with patients and their body fluids or accidental injury by needles, that's why students should be vaccinated upon entry to colleges or before starting clinical training and well-educated about postexposure prophylaxis when exposed to these injuries.
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    INCIDENCE & COMPLICATIONS OF DELVERY IN WOMEN UNDER 20 YEARS IN ELSAUDI TEACHING HOSPITAL 2021
    (Napata College, 2021) ROMISAA ELHADI NOURELDAIUM; OLA AWAD MAGZOUB; RANIA ESMAIL MOHAMED
    Background: Maternal age is a determining factor for pregnancy outcomes. The impact of maternal age on obstetric and neonatal outcomes was evaluated by several studies from many settings, especially among early teenagers.. Objective: To estimate the incidence and complication of delivery women under 20 years. Methods: This was a cross sectional hospital based study,. The sample size was 120 women aged less than 20 years. The data was collected using a questionnaire filled with women after taking informed consent. Results: During the study period the total number of deliveries in the study area was 12387, of them 120 were aged less than 20 years, accordingly the incidence of delivery women under 20 years in Al-Saudi Maternity Hospital 2021 was found 9.7%. Participants aged 16 – 19 years were 105(87.5%) and who aged 13 – 14 years were 15(12.5%). The mode of delivery under 20 years, results showed that the mode of delivery was vaginal 77(64.2%), emergency cesarean section 23(19.1%) and elective cesarean section 20(16.7%). The type of vaginal delivery (n=77) was spontaneous 62(80.5%), induced 13(16.9%) and instrumental 2(2.6%). Majority of the participants 88(73.3%) had no complications. Maternal complications were postpartum hemorrhage 21(17.5%), perineal tear 9(7.5%) and uterine complications 2(1.7%). The majority of fetus 105(87.5%) were alive, 13(10.9%) had congenital anomalies, 1(0.8%) macerated stillbirth and fresh stillbirth 1(0.8%). Conclusion: The study revealed that delivery of women under 20 years was 9.7% , 80% of deliveries were preterm , 19.1% were under went emergency c/s >and associated with maternal complications PPH in 17.5 % and 10.9 % with congenital anomalies So we recommend Child health program at Federal Ministry of Health( adolescent health Reproductive health program at Federal Ministry of Health should be activated.
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    Proportion and Indications of Emergency Cesarean Sections at Khartoum Bahri teaching Hospital, 2021
    (Napata College, 2021) Dar Elnaeem Mustafa Altayeb Mohamed; Mai Mohammed Adam Abdullah; Donia Nabawy Abd ElAleem Qwaider
    Background Caesarian section is considered as a safer alternative to prolonged and difficult vaginal operative delivery and reduces maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. As a procedure it has related complication, whenever the decision made it should be evidence based. Objective To estimate the proportion and Indication of Emergency Cesarean Section at Khartoum Bahri teaching Hospital, 2021 Methods Retrospective descriptive study was conducted in statistical unit of Khartoum Bahri teaching hospital from June to December 2021 covering caesarian section patients’ records with in the years 2021. Data was collected, entered, presented using SPSS version 25.0. Results This study covered 130 patients’ records (women who had emergency caesarian sections). Most of them 101 (77.7%) were 18 / 39 years in age. The majority 103 (79.2%) were from urban residential areas, more than half of them were educated until secondary level of above, nearly half of them were housewives 64 (49.2%). More than third of them 48 (36.9%) were multiparous. Some of them had comorbidities such as hypertension 14 (6.9%). The majority of them were full term. The most common indications for emergency caesarian sections were abnormal presentation 47 (36.2%), pre-eclampsia 16 (12.3%), placenta Previa 15 (11.5%) and tubal ligation among only 10 (7.7%). Intraoperative complications were reported among 11 (8.5%) of them such as bladder injury 7 (5.4%) and bowel injury 1 (0.8%). Only 18 (13.8%) received blood transfusion, with no reactions. Most of the mothers were admitted to the general word after the caesarian section with no maternal death. In regards to the foetal outcome, the study found that 121 (93.1%) were delivered alive babies, 9 (6.6%) dead, 4 (3.1%) admitted for nursery. Conclusion: the proportion of c/s was 18% and The majority of deliveries with no but the common complication are Anesthetic complications, Bladder injury, Bowel injury, Wound infection and Hematoma, we recommend Measures such as trial of labor in primigravidae and increase the rate of instrumental delivery have to take to reduce this high rate of cesarean delivery in Sudan hospitals
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    Knowledge and Attitude toward Occupational Health Hazards among applied medical students at Napata College 2021
    (Napata College, 2021) Mostafa Abodijana Mostafa salih; Mohammed Hassan Yousif Abd Alatte; Omer Abdelrahman Mohammed Awad Elgeed; Mohammed Khalid Mahmoud Mohammed
    Knowledge and Attitude toward Occupational Health Hazards among applied medical students at Napata College 2021 Background: Health professionals and medical students encounter a variety of occupational health problems. Although level of knowledge and awareness of medical students toward this problem plays an importance role to prevent and control of these medical hazardous, currently there is limited information available regarding the level of knowledge, attitude and practice among the Health worker and medical students in Sudan toward Occupational health hazard. Aim of study and Method: A cross-sectional study among health colleges in their clinical training years in NAPATA College in Sudan to evaluate the impact of knowledge, Attitude of health college students towards Occupational Health Hazards during clinical Training. Questionnaire was used to collect data Results: Overall response rate was 100%, 58% of students were females. According to the students responses, students know about the occupational health hazard (83%), (50%) of them got information’s from Lecture in the curriculum. High percentage of students (92%) think OHH is related to their profession and effect it. Hepatitis B is most common acquired disease among health staff which answered by majority of students (72%). About the major hazard source, (55%) near to half of students answered Patient secretions, sharp tools, radiation and chemicals agent. High percentage (83%) know HIV and Hepatitis B are blood borne disease. (90.8%) of students choose Safety box is place to get rid of the sharp equipment. When asked about received hepatitis B vaccination majority 72% of students were not received. Questions related to HIV vaccine and transmission showed high percentage of students with correct answer. 95% of students giving also correct answer about Using of Mask can reduce the exposure of infectious T.B & COVID19 Conclusion: According to high percentage of medical students who gives a correct answers related about knowledge and positive attitude toward occupational health hazard, majority of medical students have a good knowledge toward occupational health hazard