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Adherence of diabetic patients to their respective Management Protocol at Ribat University Hospital in Khartoum – Sudan 2021
(Napata College, 2021) Rudaina Ismail Osman; Rewa Ezzaldein; Nusaiba Bashir Osman
Background: Despite diabetes being a well-known disease, many patients have diabetes-related complications, forexample: DSF, cataracts, macro – and micro vascular complications, etc.This research tries to understand diabetes from a patients’ view-points, on whether they consider themselves adherent to not just medications, but to their overall treatment regimen and if they are aware of their treatment being much more than just medications to be taken, but an overall package of medication and life-style changing, and how well they are willing to change in their lives to decreases morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes. Objectives: To determine the level of adherence of diabetic patients to their respective treatment protocol at Ribat University Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan 2021. Materials and Methods:Cross sectional facility based study with total number of sample size 101, random systemic sampling was used to select the participants for this research, and the data was analyzed using SPSS v.26. Results:The overall adherence rate in this study was 63%. Females were found to be statistically significant with adherence level (P value 0.043). Married individuals also had a better adherence rate (P value 0.043), there was a very statistically significant correlation between higher educational levels and adherence rate, as higher educational levels college education and above had a p value of 0.001. Individuals with higher socio-economic statuses were also better adherent, middle and higher classes had higher adherence rates. Middle classes had a p value of 0.039, and wealthier classes had a p value 0.049 respectively. Older age was also statistically significant in regards to adherence rates (p value 0.049). No significant correlation was found in regards to better adherence and co-morbidities. Conclusion: Among the studied variables female gender, married couples, middle and higher socio-economic statuses, and college education level and above were found to be statistically significant with better adherence rates. Older age groups older than 66 years old were found to have astatistically significant to a highly significant correlation. The study recommended FMoH to develop unified evidence based management protocols with conduction of awareness raising campaign about the importance of patient’s adherence to these protocols.
Analgesic use patterns among medical students in Shendi city, January -March 2026
(Napata College, 2026) Musab Elsari Elsundi Hassanin; Marwa Adam Ahmad Alduwd; Mehad Mohammed Ahmad Zidan; Mustafa Rhama Ali Rhama
Background: Analgesics are widely used medications for pain relief and are commonly available over the counter. Their easy accessibility has increased the practice of self medication, especially among medical students. Although responsible use may be beneficial, inappropriate use can lead to serious health risks such as gastrointestinal, renal, and hepatic complications. In Sudan, there is limited data on analgesic use patterns among medical students, particularly in Shendi City. Objective: To assess the patterns of analgesic use among medical students in Shendi City during the period January–March 2026. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 323 medical students from multiple universities in Shendi City. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire distributed online. The questionnaire covered demographic data, types of analgesics used, frequency of use, indications and reasons for self-medication. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and results were presented as frequencies, percentages, and statistical associations. Results: Paracetamol was the most commonly used analgesic (78.9%), followed by ibuprofen (39%) and diclofenac (26.6%), while opioid use was low. Most students reported using analgesics rarely (44.9%) or monthly (37.8%), with very few using them daily (2.8%). Headache was the most common indication (78.9%), followed by fever, menstrual pain, and musculoskeletal pain. The main reasons for self-medication were saving time (42.1%) and the belief that the illness was minor (39.9%). Significant associations were found between analgesic use patterns and certain demographic factors such as age, gender, and academic year. Conclusion: Self-medication with analgesics is highly prevalent among medical students in Shendi City, mainly driven by convenience and perceived mild illness. These findings highlight the need for targeted educational interventions to promote safe and rational use of analgesics. Keywords:Analgesics, Self-medication, Medical students, Paracetamol, Sudan
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolated from urinary tract infection among patients under chemotherapy and non chemotherapy in Khartoum state Sudan “2021
(Napata College, 2021) Husam Eldien Kamal Hamad Mohamed; Ahmed Manaa Badawi Omer; Mahir Awad Yassin Diaeldean,; Sufian Ali Abubaker Ishag; Mohamed El nibras Abdallah billal; Sambo Alim Sambo Khaundi; Mohammed Allalah Mohammed; Ahmed Ahmed Abdullah Ahmed
Background Urinary tract infections are the common types of infections in the community and health care settings. Despite the widespread availability of antibiotics, urinary tract infection remains a worldwide therapeutic problem. It is a continuous and significant problem in cancer patients. Methods A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 study participants from August to October 2021. Sociodemographic data were collected by a predesigned questionnaire and midstream urine samples collected using simple random sampling technique by using clean, sterile plastic cups and then inoculated onto CLED agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Urine culture was considered significant bacteriuria when colony forming units ≥105/mL of voided urine. Identification was done by using standard microbiological methods. Modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique was applied for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in accordance with CLSI 2018 criteria. Data were entered, cleared, checked and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. The results were displayed using tables and figures. Value <0.05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in cancer patients was 56% and 44% of samples did not grow in media. Staphylococcus aureus (20%) was the commonest isolated uropathogenic bacteria followed by E. coli (18%), Candida albicans (10%), Pseudomonas argionosa (4%), Enterococcus fecalis (2%) and Klebsiella species (2%), in cancer patients. Conclusions This study showed a high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among cancer patients (56%) compared to apparently healthy donors (44%). E. coli was isolated predominately.
Anxiety and depression among mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disability in Khartoum, 2022
(Napata College, 2022) Tebian Elfadil Dirar Fadol; Samia Abd Almajeed Ahmed Mohammed; Samah Abdo Mahir Badr
Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) are disorders that are usually present at birth and that negatively affect the trajectory of the individual's physical, intellectual, and/or emotional development. .IDD" is the term often used to describe situations in which intellectual disability and other disabilities are present. In this study, The age group of mothers >15 years reported in (0%) of women , between 15-25 years (16%) , between 25-35 years (44%) and above 35 years (48%) , University level of education reported in (32%) , school in (34%) , educate (32%) and non reported in (10%) , Residence from rural areas reported in (42%) of people and from town (58%) , The age group of children >1 years reported in (19%) of children , between 1 - 5 years (33%) , between 5 - 10 years (31%) and above 10 years (17%) , children diagnosed during pregnancy reported in (16%) of children , neonate (33%) , infant (21%) , preschool (18%) and at school age (10%) , Children with cerebral palsy reported in (23%) , syndrome (53%) and with special needs (24%) , The level of disability reported in mild (39%) , modrate (24%) and in sever (37%) , The follow up of mothers during the pregnancy show (87%) with follow up and (13%) without follow up , 97% was counseled and 21% was not , The figure show 21% of children admitted to main stream , 60% to special centers and 19% stay at home , On academic achievement the ability to understand is poor in (37%) , good in (40%) and excellent in (23%) , On behavior of a children (25%) are calm and (75%) are with difficult contact with others , 32% of children with family history of disability and 68% without family history of disability , The effect of child illness on child life style is about 83% of children and the other 17% are normal or without effect , About marital status (73%) married and relative relation , (7%) divorced and (20%) window , The effect of illness on marital status is present in 56% of them , The social acceptance of child disability is poor in (43%) of children , good in (30%) and excellent in (27%) , anxiety symptoms that appears in mothers of children with illnesses is about (67%) , depression symptoms that appears in mothers of children with illnesses is about (33%) , financial status that is low in (61%) , modrate in(29%) and high in (10%) , 27% of affected mothers is on chronic medications and 73% are not on chronic medication and 86% of them doing physiotherapy and 14% not . Mental health providers need to be aware of these issues, so appropriate mental health screening can be utilized among the care givers of children with IDD. It is important that these mothers receive adequate support in order to manage their mental health so that they can better provide for their child's needs.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Distance Learning During the Sudanese War for Medical Students at Napata College, Sudan, 2026
(Napata College, 2026) Fadwa Kheder Ahmed Mahmoud; Safaa Mohamed Abdelmutalib Ahmed; Donya Ibrahim Taha Osman
Background: The current logistical problems caused by the Sudan conflict have forced medical educators to explore the possibility of implementing online educational methods. There are concerns that the shift to online education in medical colleges could affect the long-term educational outcomes of future medical professionals. Furthermore, the effectiveness of this educational approach has not been thoroughly investigated and evaluated. Online education has several benefits for medical education. However, several challenges and barriers still exist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of distance learning for medical students of Napata College in Sudan during the war in 2026. Method: An observational descriptive cross-sectional facility –based study was conducted in January 2026. A total of 193 medical students participated in this study from Napata College, Sudan. Data was collected using online self-administered questionnaires using Google forms. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results: A total of 193 medical students participated in this study, of which females (56%) were more than males (44%), and the most common age group was found to be 20-22 years (39.9%). The most common academic year was second year (23.8%), and the majority (64.8%) were located outside Sudan. The overall effectiveness of distance learningwas found to be low among the majority of students (58.5%), followed by moderate (38.3%), and then high (3.1%). While the overall clinical and practical trainingwas found to be inadequate among the majority of students (88.1%), followed by moderate (11.4%). Lack of practical training (66.8%), psychological stress due to war (58%), and poor internet connection (55.4%) were the main challenges faced by students. The majority (92.7%) reported high studying stress levels during the war. Furthermore, (39.4%) reported that their academic performance has become slightly worse compared to before the war. Regarding the overall satisfaction of distance learning, (61.6%) were dissatisfied, while only (14%) were satisfied. Furthermore, (45.1%) of students do not believe that distance learning is suitable for medical education in emergencies, while (33.2%) do. No significant association was found between overall effectiveness of distance learningand demographic characteristics of medical students (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that distance learning at Napata College during the Sudanese war was an important emergency approach to provide theoretical education, but was rated overall as being of low effectiveness by most students. Clinical and practical training was especially poor, which emphasizes the limitations of online medical education. Despite that online education ensured that education was not disrupted, it is not and cannot replace comprehensive clinical training. Key words: Distance learning, Medical students, War (armed conflict), Academic performance, Clinical training
Assessment of Academic and Social affect of Post-Traumatic Experience of War in Napta college Students, 2024-2025
(Napata College, 2025) Hosam Eldeen Magdi Khalifa; Saleh Awadh Saleh Alhussien; yousef Abdallah Ibrahim jodi
Background: The armed conflict in Sudan has resulted in the displacement of over 10 million people, placing an unprecedented psychological burden on the civilian population, especially university students. Exposure to war-related trauma is known to significantly impact mental health, academic performance, and social functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common and disabling consequences of such trauma. Objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence of PTSD among Sudanese university students affected by the ongoing war and to investigate the relationship between PTSD symptoms and academic as well as social performance. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among university students in conflict-affected regions of Sudan. A structured questionnaire including the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), a Trauma Exposure Scale, and academic and social functioning tools was administered. The tools were translated into Arabic where necessary, tested for clarity, and validated for local context. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, and results were presented in dummy tables and descriptive statistics. Findings: Preliminary findings show a high prevalence of PTSD symptoms among the respondents. There were strong correlations between trauma exposure and academic underachievement, absenteeism, reduced concentration, and impaired social engagement. Female students and those with direct exposure to violent events reported significantly higher PTSD scores. These findings align with previous literature on trauma in conflict settings (e.g., Badri et al., 2012; Hussein et al., 2025). Conclusion: The war in Sudan has severely affected the mental health and academic trajectories of university students. There is a critical need for integrated mental health support, trauma-informed academic interventions, and policy measures to support this vulnerable population. Addressing PTSD in educational institutions can play a vital role in rebuilding individual resilience and societal recovery in post-conflict Sudan
Assessment of Academic Stress and Its Impact on Academic Performance among Medical Students at Napata College Sudan (2 0 2 6)
(Napata College, 2026) Mohammed Musa Babiker; Kamal Abdullah Mansour; Mohammed Al-Hassan Ahmed; Mohammed Al-Fateh Fadlallah
Background: Medical education is one of the most stressful academic programs world wide. In Sudan, ongoing civil conflict adds extra challenges for students, including dis placement, limited resources, and psychological trauma. Academic stress can reduce co ncentration, impair learning, and lower academic performance. Objective: This study aimed to assess academic stress and its impact on academic pe rformance among undergraduate medical students at Napata College, Sudan, in 2026. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical design was used. A total of 20 3 students completed a self-administered online questionnaire covering socio-demograp hic data, academic performance (GPA, attendance), perceived stress using the PSS-10 scale, sources of stress, and coping strategies. Data were analyzed using SPSS with d escriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Most students experienced moderate stress (77.3%), while 11.8% reported hig h stress and 10.8% low stress. Common stressors included financial problems, competi tion with peers, living conditions, frequent exams, and poor internet/electricity. Higher stress levels were significantly associated with lower GPA (Spearman’s rho = -0.170, p = 0.015) and concentration difficulties (79.8%). Stress levels differed across age gro ups, academic years, place of residence, and perceived war impact, but not by gender or socioeconomic status. Coping strategies primarily involved social support (43.3%) a nd religious practices (42.4%), while leisure and avoidance strategies were less comm on. Despite coping efforts, stress affected students’ performance and persistence in me dical school. Conclusion: Academic and conflict-related stress significantly impacts medical students ’ performance and well-being at Napata College. Targeted interventions such as psych ological support, resilience programs, and academic accommodations are essential to h elp students manage stress and succeed academically in challenging environments. Keywords: Academic stress, Medical students, GPA, Coping strategies, Sudan
Assessment of Blood Urea, Creatinine, Uric Acid, Calcium and Phosphorus levels pre- and post-dialysis in Sudanese patients diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
(Napata College, 2020) Abdalgadir Mohammed Elmostfa Abdalgadir; Mohammed Almahe Alsmani Khojali; Noura Mohammed Abulwafa Hassan; Fatima Mohamed Abdulla Osman; Eltayb Ahmad Eltayb Shkyry
Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a permanent Loss of normal kidney functional or structural with or without reduction in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), which may be due to various factors including infections, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, hypertension and other endocrine disorders, and toxin chemicals, may lead to death. Materials and Methods: A descriptive Cross-sectional study was conducted to measure the effectiveness of haemodialysis on (19) Sudanese patients with chronic kidney disease aged between (25-60). Three ml of venous blood was drawn pre and post dialysis from each patient, using disposable syringe. Serum Level of urea, creatinine, uric acid, calcium and phosphors were estimated in all samples by co-bas C311, statistical evaluation was performed using SPSS for windows. Results: The study showed significance statistical difference in the mean of urea, creatinine, uric acid and phosphorus p-value(0.000001),(0.0001),(0.0001),(0.002) respectively however the mean of calcium showed insignificant statistical difference p-value(0.992). Conclusion: The findings showed that hemodialysis have an effected on urea, creatinine, uric acid and phosphorus but has no effect on calcium.
ASSESSMENT OF COAGULATION PROFILE AMONG METHAMPHETAMINE SUDANESE ADULTS ABUSERS IN KHARTOUM STATE
(Napata College, 2022-10) Khalid Mohammed Ahmed Yousif; Mohammed Saif Aldein El-tayeb Abdalla; Maab EL-Riyh Ibrahim Mohamad; Motwakel EL-Hafize EL-Tayeb EL-Emam; Awatif Osman Hussein Fadul
Background: Methamphetamine is strong addictive drug that has serious physiological and psychological effects on human; we performed this study to assess the coagulation profile among Methamphetamine Sudanese adult abusers in Khartoum state. Method: An analytical case control study aimed on testing coagulation parameters on methamphetamine abuser as a case group and nonusers as a control group, the recorded results were analyzed using SPSS program. Results: A 50 samples of case group and 50 samples of control group were tested against each other for coagulation tests. The analyzed results revealed that males were abusing methamphetamine were much more than females. The analysis also shows that the addicts who have been abusing meth for a long time have a higher PT, APTT and INR than the patients who using it recently. The platelets of methamphetamine abusers were a bit lower than the people with no history of abusing. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the study populations are at higher risk of coagulopathies. Planning of drug awareness programs and developing of the rehabs centers would help to reduce the effect of Methamphetamine drug.
Assessment of Depression among Medical Students in NAPATA College due to COVID-19 pandemic٫2021.
(Napata College, 2021) Alaa bannaga alataya ahmed; Enas jaffer yousif; Shahad motwkel ahmed; Sohila khider ahmed
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a mental health crisis among medical students in Sudan due to lockdown restrictions, overwhelming numbers of COVID-19 cases, financial difficulty, etc. This mental health crisis may led to high degrees of depression among medical students. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate incidence of Depression due to COVID 19 pandemic among Medical Students in NAPATA College 2021. Methods: This cross-sectional institutional-based study was conducted at NAPTA College-Sudan during period September 2020 to September 2021 by using Forms questionnaire. The questionnaire Form included a sociodemographic questionnaire and psychometric Depression scales evaluating the psychological Depression impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed in the study. Results: A total of One hundred seventy four medical students participated in this study, of whom 66%were females and 36 were males. After assessment of the psychometric Depression scales, it was found that More than half medical students carried in this study were found to have depression due to COVID 19 pandemic with different scales ranging from mild depression 38% of the study participants to sever 5% according to beck test. Among the identified risk factors, having a family member who was infected with COVID-19 was significantly associated with depression, with P values0.04. Conclusions: This research concludes that there is high incidence depression symptoms rate of COVID-19 among medical students
Assessment of knowledge of Basic Life Support among Napata Students 2022
(Napata College, 2022) Fatima Daffalla Alhade Omer; Tayba Fathelrahman Mohamed El-Tayeb; Maarib Abdelmoneim Ali Elamas
Background: One of the most common causes of death worldwide is sudden cardiac arrest. Basic life support (BLS) training rates vary globally, and there are generally few surveys evaluating students' knowledge and understanding of BLS in Middle Eastern nations, particularly Jordan, Syria, and Iraq. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess medical students' knowledge of basic life support. Method: This is observational descriptive cross sectional study conducted at Napta University, faculty of medicine Khartoum, Sudan. In undergraduate students at different levels at November 2022 , using standardized questionaire. The sample size was 494 and 500 sample was collected. The knowledge score was calculated. Results: This study included 500 participants all of them were students Only 5% of them have done a training course and 95% haven’t done a training course .17.8% of the participated students had good knowledge about BLS while 82.2% of them had poor knowledge regarding knowledge of effective resuscitation 8.2% of them had good knowledge ,knowledge about complication of CPR 29.4 %had good knowledge.53% had good knowledge about signs of shock and 16.6% had good knowledge about BLS in children and infants .26% of the students had positive attitude about asphyxia while 74% of them had negative attitude There is a strong association between knowledge, academic specialization, training and academic level (P value .000) Conclusion: The results indicate that students’ knowledge toward BLS is not significant and require more training. So there is urgent need to include BLS courses in undergraduate curriculum particularly in preclinical stage.
Assessment of Knowledge of Laser Technology in Periodontal Disease Management Among Graduate Dentists in Sudan, 2026
(Napata College, 2026) Ahmed Babiker El-Jack Ali; Amjad Adam Musmar Jama; Ammar Abdel-Qader El-Daw Moussa; Duaa Muhammad Issa Idris; El-Dardaa Abdullah Ibrahim Balla; Fatima Ezz El-Din Ahmed Ibrahim; Hala Rashad Mustafa El-Badri; Mohamed Fayez Qasim Mohamed; Safia Emad El-Din Mohamed Ibrahim
We dedicate this thesis to our families, whose unwavering support, patience, and encouragement have been our guiding light throughout this academic journey. Their sacrifices, understanding, and belief in our abilities have provided us with the strength and determination to overcome challenges and complete this work. We also dedicate this work to our teachers, mentors, and all the academic staff who have shared their knowledge, guidance, and inspiration with us. Their dedication to education and commitment to excellence have shaped our learning and motivated us to strive for the highest standards in our research. Finally, we dedicate this work to our colleagues, whose collaboration, constructive feedback, and shared experiences have enriched our journey and contributed to the successful completion of this thesis.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice to Infection Control Among the Final Dental Students in the Khartoum stat
(Napata College, 2020) Abdelaziz A Hassan; Shimaa A Jobara
Background: Infection is one of the most crucial problems in health care services worldwide. It is considered one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality associated with clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate knowledge, attitude and practices with recommended infection control guidelines among final dental students in Khartoum University, AL-Raze University, AL-Nilain University, National Ribat University, University of Medical Sciences and Technology and Bayan College. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Knowledge, attitude and practices of the final dental students regarding infection control measurements. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted to obtain information regarding knowledge, attitude, and practices with recommended infection control guidelines. The sample (n = 186) of final dental students in both male and female. This questionnaire contained three parts and was distributed to the participants online. After validation of the survey, data were collected, entered and analyzed by SPSS software. Data collection: Tool: Self-administered questionnaire consisted of “23” close-ended questions. It was being administrated to “186” dental students to answer in a time of 20-minutes. The questionnaire was sent to all students and interns by email to be filled electronically and informed consent was obtained before commencing the questionnaire. Data analysis: The collected data will be analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 for windows. General characteristics of subject articles will be analyzed using frequency and percentage. Results: Regarding the subject’s attitudes toward infection control, the present study indicated that the, most of the students (90.3% - 81.7%) cared about protective parries (gloves, face mask). However, they were less concern about using other protective items (73.1% face shield, 72.1% gown and 52.6% head cap). Also, the findings of the present study indicated a very low rate of HBV vaccination. Only 72.7% of the students were vaccinated against Hepatitis B. In our survey, only 32.3% of students who were immunized have reported post-HBV immunization serology. In order to facilitate better understanding on how to evaluate awareness on infection control amongst final dental students, several questions related to previous education in infection control during the graduate studies were included in the questionnaire. The findings of this study showed insufficient knowledge among the subjects. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate insufficient attitude and awareness toward infection control. Subjects responses showed deficiency of education to support infection control measures and their self-assessment and satisfaction reflect their performance toward infection control policy. The deficit of knowledge could be due to the inadequacy of infection control educational materials during years of study. Another reason might be the lack of belief that practice of standard precautions may interfere with patient health and care. Recommendation: It is recommended that the findings would be useful for planning and implementation of future interventions, including a national survey of dental institutions across the country.
Assessment of Knowledge, attitude and practice towards epilepsy among displaced Sudanese Adults in Egypt 2025
(Napata College, 2026) Shahd Kamal Ahmed Abdelwahab; Baraa Adel Elshiekh Salman; Sara Khalid Nasr Salman; Alaa Mohammed Mustafa Mohamed; Abrar Alsadig Alsir Aljak
Background: Epilepsy affects over 50 million people worldwide, with 80% living in developing countries. Displaced populations face unique challenges in epilepsy management due to disrupted healthcare access, limited resources, and cultural beliefs. This study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding epilepsy among displaced Sudanese adults in Egypt to inform targeted educational interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 132 displaced Sudanese adults in Egypt in 2025. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected on participants' knowledge of epilepsy causes and symptoms, attitudes toward people with epilepsy, and practices related to seizure management. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results. Results: Most participants (96%) were aware of epilepsy, with 52% attributing it solely to medical causes, though misconceptions persisted—48% believed epilepsy was hereditary and 12% attributed it to magical causes. While attitudes were generally positive, with 91% supporting inclusion in schools and workplaces, significant stigma remained regarding marriage, with only 34% accepting marriage to someone with epilepsy. Regarding practices, 61% correctly identified placing a person on their side during seizures as appropriate first aid, but dangerous misconceptions persisted, with 24% recommending placing objects in the mouth. Though 95% expressed willingness to help during seizures, 42% acknowledged not knowing proper response techniques. Conclusion: Despite relatively high awareness and positive attitudes toward social inclusion, displaced Sudanese adults in Egypt hold persistent misconceptions about epilepsy causation and management. The gap between willingness to help and correct seizure response knowledge presents a clear opportunity for targeted educational interventions. Addressing these gaps through culturally-appropriate education could improve epilepsy management and reduce stigma within this vulnerable population.
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE OF TEACHERS TOWARD FIRST AID, OMDURMAN PRIMARY SCHOOLS, February – December 2021
(Napata College, 2021) Nehal mahjoob elhaj elqasim; Heba abbas abdalwahab; Abrar omer saeed morgan
Background: The knowledge, understanding and good performing of first aids can be vital to save someone's life in a case of accidents and emergencies specially children at age of primary school because they're exposed to illnesses and danger; therefore it's important for teachers at school to know how to deal with it and how to perform first aids. Objective: the aim of this study is to assess primary school teacher's knowledge, attitude regarding first aid. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study design was applied among primary school teachers at primary schools in Omdurman, eight randomly primary schools was chosen, the study was carried out in primary school teachers with exclusion criteria. A self-administered questionnaire was designed, data was analysed manually and by excel, charts from Microsoft have been used, chi squire test is used to estimate the correlation between the variables. Results: Of the 100 primary school teachers participants, 40% their age ranged between (41 and 50) years, 43% attended a course on first-aid, 73% of teachers said that first aid equipment’s are available at school, 49% of the teachers said that there a first aid responders at their school 66% of teachers have a personal experiences with incidents at school (50% ) had good knowledge, (35% ) had fair knowledge and (15%) had poor knowledge. We found that 100% of teachers have positive attitude toward FA. Conclusions: Knowledge about First Aid is not satisfactory according to standards of first aid in suda among teachers of Primary schools in Omdurman. First Aid educational and training programs recommended to be introduced at school curriculum.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) Regarding Sterilization and Disinfection Among laboratory personnel in Clinical Laboratory Settings at Shendi, River Nile State, Sudan
(Napata College, 2026) Arafa Khider Edris Ebrahim; Elaf Ali Ahmed; Elaf Hidar Abdalaziz Nore; Gofran Hatim Mohammad; OSMAN ABDALLAH AHMED; Mohammad Yousif Abass
Laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs) remain a critical concern in clinical and research laboratory settings, with bacteria accounting for approximately 75% to 90% of all reported cases (1). Despite advancements in laboratory safety and containment technologies, the root causes of these infections are often linked to human factors, particularly the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of laboratory personnel (2). Studies indicate that although many laboratory workers possess strong theoretical knowledge, a significant knowledge–practice gap still exists, especially during periods of high workload, where safety protocols may be overlooked (3). Practice-related failures, such as inconsistent use of biosafety cabinets (BSCs) and improper removal of personal protective equipment (PPE), are reported in nearly 80% of accidental exposures (4). In addition, attitude plays a crucial role; experienced staff may develop a complacency, where familiarity with pathogens leads to reduced vigilance and failure to follow standard operating procedures (SOPs). This combination of inadequate practices and negative attitudes is considered a major contributor to LAIs globally (3,4). In this context, the knowledge, attitude, and practices related to sterilization and disinfection are essential determinants in reducing infection risks within laboratory environments. Effective sterilization and disinfection are fundamental in controlling pathogenic microorganisms on laboratory instruments, surfaces, and equipment (5). Sterilization refers to a process that eliminates all forms of microorganisms, including highly resistant bacterial spores, and can be achieved through methods such as heat, ethylene oxide gas, hydrogen peroxide gas plasma, ozone, or radiation. In contrast, disinfection involves the elimination of most pathogenic microorganisms on inanimate objects, excluding bacterial spores (5). These procedures are particularly important in clinical laboratories, where biological samples such as blood, urine, and tissue specimens are handled routinely (6,7). Clinical laboratories play a vital role in disease diagnosis, monitoring, and prevention; however, they also present significant risks due to frequent exposure to infectious materials and contaminated equipment (6). Improper sterilization or disinfection of laboratory instruments and surfaces can lead to cross-contamination, laboratory-acquired infections, and inaccurate diagnostic results (5,6). Globally, infection prevention and control (IPC) practices are recognized as essential measures to ensure the safety of both patients and healthcare workers. However, adherence to sterilization and disinfection protocols varies widely among healthcare personnel (8). In many developing countries, including Sudan, healthcare systems face challenges such as limited resources, insufficient training, and inadequate infection control infrastructure. These factors may negatively influence the knowledge and practices of laboratory personnel regarding sterilization and disinfection, contributing to the persistence of healthcare-associated infections in the region (9). Therefore, assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of laboratory personnel regarding sterilization and disinfection is essential to identify existing gaps and improve infection control measures in laboratory settings
Assessment of Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Oral Hygiene for Intensive Care Unit Patients in Khartoum State at Governmental Hospital, 2020_2021
(Napata College, 2020) Emad Abdelakareem; Mazin Babiker
Oral care is a vital procedure for critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Oral care may affect the clinical result as well as the wellness of intensive care patients. Adequate knowledge about oral nursing care guideline is important for nurses to deliver appropriate oral care. A descriptive cross sectional hospital based study was conducted aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of intensive care nurses regarding oral care in critically ill patients in seven governmental Hospitals, Khartoum State, Sudan,(2020-2021). The sample size consisted of 95 nurses in ICUs. Data were collected using interview questionnaire; data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results revealed that (65.3%) of nurses with 1-3 years of experience. (63.2%) of participants responded with correct answers regarding definition of dental plaque, only 4.2% knew that gingivitis is a gum disease. 24.2% said gingivitis is due to plaque. (64.2%) of participants knew that periodontitis is an Inflammation of tooth supporting structure, 24.2% said plaque is the cause of periodontitis. (57.9%) of participants practice mouth care twice per a day ., The study concluded that nurses' knowledge regarding oral care for critically ill patients in intensive care unit was inadequate , while their practice and attitude is fair.
Assessment of Soc ioeconomic And Psychological Impact of Hemodialysis Among Patients With End Stage Renal Disease In Bahri Teaching Hospital From August-December 2022
(Napata College, 2022) Nehad Mohammed Gahelrasool Hassan; Erhaf Alamin Ahmad Mohammed; Safa Musa Abdallah abdalmajed
1.2 Background: End-stage renal failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is the final, permanent stage of chronic kidney disease, where kidney function has declined to the point that the kidneys can no longer function on their own. 1.3 Justification: Renal failure is a common health problem worldwide and dialysis is considered as the most effective replacement therapy. It affects the social quality of life of patients and may lead to some sort of dysfunction. The cost of dialysis in developing countries exceeds the financial ability of the majority of patients also affect their psychologicl health This study aims to assess the socioeconomic and psychological problems that facing dialysis patients and try to find suitable solutions for it as much as possible. 1.4 General objective: Assessment of socioeconomic and psychological impact of end stage Renal disease 1.5 Specific Objectives : -To identify sociodemographic characteristics that affect on end stage Renal disease . -To study the psychological effect of dialysis and related changes. -To assess social impact of dialysis on end stage Renal disease patients. -To compare between income of patient and the cost of hemodialysis. Aim of the study To assess the socio-economic impact and psychological effect of renal dialysis on patients of end stage Renal disease Method A descriptive cross sectional hospital based study was conducted at bahri teaching hospital in Renal Dialysis Center in August 2022 and it included 151 patients with end stage renal disease on dialysis process. All patients were interviewed to collect the socio-demographic and clinical data based designed questionnaire and the collected data was analyzed by statistical package for the social sciences. Result the average age of study population was ( >46) year which represent (52.3%) ,with gender predominance for male (51.7%) , the majority of them were university educated (27.8%) ,about (48.3%) of them were unemployed, (73.5%) married (3.3%) of the participants were divorced due to morbidity , (33.7%) of patients had low economic status while (25.8%) had moderate to high economic status , (42.4%) receive dialysis for ≥ 5 years , (95%) have permanent dialysis ,(53%) their income didn’t cover their cost of dialysis and life demand , (4%) of patients turn to sale their property to deal with the cost of dialysis , other ( 86.1%) receive financial support from their families , (72.8%) of patients their social life affected, ( 27.2%) not affected , from (n=16) of student patients there was ( n=13) left their study while ( n=3) continued their study regularly , (40%) of the patients were depressed while ( 60%) weren’t depressed and the majority of the depressed were female (61.7%). Conclusion Renal dialysis is a life-sustaining treatment for patients with end stage renal disease; however, it adversely affects patients’ social life and psychological status also their economic status was affected negatively in bahri teaching hospital in Renal Care Center because the cost of dialysis exceed their monthly income.
Assessment of the Knowledge, Attitude & practices of Mothers of Under-Five Malnourished Children at Ahmed Gasim Hospital December 2022
(Napata College, 2022) Ahmed Ali Mohamed Mohamed Elhadedy; Shadin Ayoub Ebrahim Adam; Afnan Aman Allah Azhar Alhoq; Salih Abdulwahab Ahmed Alnagar
Background: Malnutrition among children is still one of the most challenging and complex problem worldwide. Sudan has a rapidly growing population, water scarcity, falling food production and low resilience to climate change. The combined effects lead to food insecurity which greatly influences the children‟s nutritional status Objectives: aim of the study was to investigate the impact of mothers’ knowledge on malnutrition preventive practices amongst children in Ahmed Gasem Hospital Dec 2022 Methods: This cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted at Ahmed Gasem Hospital -Sudan during period September to December 2022 by using structured questionnaire. The e questionnaire had four sections. The first section from question 1to question 11 comprised sociodemographic information, the second part from question 12 to question 30 comprise questions related to maternal Knowledge toward their malnourished children, the third part from question 31 to question comprised questions 37 related to maternal attitudes toward their malnourished children and the fourth part from question 38 to question 41 comprised questions related to maternal perceptions toward their malnourished children Results: The present study enrolled 108 mothers of malnourished children. Their ages ranged from 16 and 43 years with the median (interquartile range (IQR)) age being 23 (21 - 30) years. Most the respondents were aged between 22 and 30 years 59 (54.6%), from Khartoum 70 (64.8%), and unemployed 81 (75.0%). The number of children of the respondents ranged from one to nine with a with a median of one (one to two) child(ren). Respondents with one and two children were constituted 40 (37.0%) and 36 (33.3%) of the total respondents. Respondents held positive attitudes towards feeding their children frequently commensurate to the need for food. The study discovered that the majority (92%) of the respondents heard and understood malnutrition. Furthermore, the study found that the majority (88.4%) of the respondents knew that eating balanced diet food prevents malnutrition. The mothers knowledge was found to be 69 (63.9%) has good Knowledge, 25(23.1 %) has Fair Knowledge and 14(13%) has Poor Knowledge .The mothers Attitude was found to be 63 (58%) has positive attitude and 45(42 %) has Negative attitude. The mothers practices was found to be 55 (51%) has good practices and 53(49 %) has bad practices
Assessment of the Medical Students’ Perceptions Towards Artificial Intelligence Integration in Medicine at Napata Collage, 2025
(Napata College, 2025) Obay Abdelwahab Abdallah Fadul; Shahd Mahgoub Makki Ali; Roba Abdelmutalab Ataelmanan Mahmoud; Roba Mohamed Alhassan Mohamed; Fatima Mohammed Almustafa Ibrahim
Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made a strong entrance into different fields such as healthcare, but currently, medical degree curricula are not adapted to the changes that adopting these types of tools entitles. Furthermore, concerns about the accuracy, reliability, and proper use of these tools persist. Understanding medical students’ perceptions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is crucial for optimizing its use in educational settings. It is also important to understand the future needs of students to provide the most comprehensive education possible Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the perception level of medical students at Napata Collage towards Artificial Intelligence integration in Medicine in Sudan, 2025. Method: An observational descriptive cross-sectional facility – based study was conducted on February 2025. A total of 350 medical students participated in this study from Napata College, Sudan. Data was collected using online self-administered questionnaires using Google forms. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results: A total of 350 medical students participated in this study, of which females (54.3%) were more than males (45.7%), and the most common age group was found to be 20-23 years (78.9%), followed by 24-26 years (15.4%). The commonest academic level was third year (40.3%), followed by fourth year (38.6%). The majority of students (72.3%) have used Artificial Intelligence (AI) before to obtain medical information. Almost half of students (46%) are somehow familiar with the current artificial intelligence tools applied to medicine, such as AI-assisted diagnosis or therapeutic recommendations, and the majority (62.9%) stated that they have basic understanding of AI technologies. The overall positive perception of students towards Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine was found to be 50.1%, while 49.9%% had negative perception. A significant association was found between the perception towards Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine of students and their use of AI to obtain medical information, familiarity with the current artificial intelligence tools applied to medicine, and basic understanding and interest of AI technologies (P-value = 0.00001, 0.00003, and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: As overall, this study demonstrated that students of Napata College are increasingly familiar with and utilize AI in medicine and have a balanced view regarding its advantages and disadvantages. Although a majority of students perceive the future of AI in medical education and health care with optimism, fear from the ethical aspects and faith is present. In spite of frequent exposure, education on the topic is insufficient, as with the global pattern. Acing systematic AI training within medical school programs can prepare students to be more confident and ready to practice in an AI-oriented healthcare setting. Coming to terms with ethical concerns and encouraging practical implementations of AI will be the most significant considerations in achieving its proper utilization in medicine.

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