Medical Laboratory

Permanent URI for this community

http://dspace.napata.edu.sd/handle/123456789/40

Browse

Browsing Medical Laboratory by Issue Date

Filter results by year or month
Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
  • Item
    Prevalence of hepatitis B virus among donors in Khartoum hospitals
    (Napata College, 2020) Amer Adem Ali Mohamed; Fadl Almargy Tayalla Ahmed Fadlalla; Mustafa Alnour Babiker Breima; Samah Alsir Albadwai Ali
    Background: The prevalence of transfusion associated hepatitis B virus infection across different geographical population. We sought to estimate prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among blood donors in Khartoum hospitals. Method: This was a retrospective study which involved reviewing of blood donation records for the year 2020, from Oct. to Dec. at Khartoum hospitals. The records were analyzed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus among blood donors. Results: A total of (100) blood donors were collected from Oct. to Dec. 2020 according to Questionnaire and the analysis were show the prevalence of HBV, according to blood groups the positive group sample have higher valid percent than the Negative of group sample. According to the ages of groups, it ranged between (31-40) old, is represented the higher standard, with ratio of 54%. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the study region is of intermediate to high endemicity with hepatitis B infection. Planning more extensive screening and vaccination campaigns and educational programs would help reduce the transmission of the infection among the general people.
  • Item
    Assessment of Blood Urea, Creatinine, Uric Acid, Calcium and Phosphorus levels pre- and post-dialysis in Sudanese patients diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).
    (Napata College, 2020) Abdalgadir Mohammed Elmostfa Abdalgadir; Mohammed Almahe Alsmani Khojali; Noura Mohammed Abulwafa Hassan; Fatima Mohamed Abdulla Osman; Eltayb Ahmad Eltayb Shkyry
    Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a permanent Loss of normal kidney functional or structural with or without reduction in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), which may be due to various factors including infections, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, hypertension and other endocrine disorders, and toxin chemicals, may lead to death. Materials and Methods: A descriptive Cross-sectional study was conducted to measure the effectiveness of haemodialysis on (19) Sudanese patients with chronic kidney disease aged between (25-60). Three ml of venous blood was drawn pre and post dialysis from each patient, using disposable syringe. Serum Level of urea, creatinine, uric acid, calcium and phosphors were estimated in all samples by co-bas C311, statistical evaluation was performed using SPSS for windows. Results: The study showed significance statistical difference in the mean of urea, creatinine, uric acid and phosphorus p-value(0.000001),(0.0001),(0.0001),(0.002) respectively however the mean of calcium showed insignificant statistical difference p-value(0.992). Conclusion: The findings showed that hemodialysis have an effected on urea, creatinine, uric acid and phosphorus but has no effect on calcium.
  • Item
    Prevalence of Vancomycin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus in Khartoum -Sudan
    (Napata College, 2020) Alamen Elnel Alamen; Ahmed Abdullah Adam; Enas Awad Idrees; Badraldeen Mohammed Ahmed
    Background: This study conducted to detect Vancomycin resistance Staphylococcus aureus in patients with different clinical manifestations in Sudan - Khartoum state. From October 2020. A bio let Cross sectional study were done, (100) samples from different clinical isolates (Urine, Wound, semen and nasal swab) all samples were randomly selected, demographic data was recorded for each sample include age, gender and antibiotic administration. Material and method: All samples were confirmed by Gram stain, biochemical tests. Overall, 100 samples (77) male, (33) female, age range (19-37) years were included in this study. Result: The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined using Kerpy –Bour disk diffusion method. result showed Staphylococcus aureus sensitive for77%, 22% showed intermediate and 1% for vancomycin resistant, this only sample was isolated from female urine culture, intermediate present in 10 females ,12 in male while sensitive 22 female and 65 male. Conclusion: The result of this study confirm that the Vancomycin is the drug of choice until far So that the situation continues as it is to avoid resistance , 22% intermediate these percentage borderline show sign and alarm to educate population ,should follow the antibiotic administration policies and avoid (misuse and overdose) and Susceptibility test must be done for clinical isolate to avoid antimicrobial drug resistance (ADR).
  • Item
    Detection of Beta-lactamase TEM gene in Escherichia coli Isolates Collected from Urine Samples in Khartoum State – Sudan
    (Napata College, 2021) Alaa Shamsaldeen Alboshary Ahmed; Ghofran Ibraheem Ahmed Hasan; Jenan Mohammed Adam Altaher; Laila Salah Mohammed Taha; Nawader Alamamoon Abualtayib Alnoor; Nazik Malik Ibraheem Saeed; Sadia Zakarya Trebo Osman; Tibyan Hasabalrasool Altayib Hasan
    Escherichia coli are the most common cause of urinary tract infections worldwide and they are the fourth leading cause of health care associated infections. The objective of this study was detection of Beta-lactamase TEM gene in Escherichia coli Isolates Collected from Urine Samples in Khartoum State – Sudan. A total of 96 of Escherichia coli were isolated from different hospitals in Khartoum State. The present study showed that the percentage of infection in females (64/96) (66.7%) were more than the percentage of infection in males (32/96) (33.3%). There was high prevalence rate of Escherichia coli urinary tract infection within the age group (25-44) (35.4%). Out of 96 isolated Escherichia coli 76(79.2%) were positive for TEM gene. Further studies with large number of samples and more advanced techniques are required to validate the results of the present study.
  • Item
    Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolated from urinary tract infection among patients under chemotherapy and non chemotherapy in Khartoum state Sudan “2021
    (Napata College, 2021) Husam Eldien Kamal Hamad Mohamed; Ahmed Manaa Badawi Omer; Mahir Awad Yassin Diaeldean,; Sufian Ali Abubaker Ishag; Mohamed El nibras Abdallah billal; Sambo Alim Sambo Khaundi; Mohammed Allalah Mohammed; Ahmed Ahmed Abdullah Ahmed
    Background Urinary tract infections are the common types of infections in the community and health care settings. Despite the widespread availability of antibiotics, urinary tract infection remains a worldwide therapeutic problem. It is a continuous and significant problem in cancer patients. Methods A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 study participants from August to October 2021. Sociodemographic data were collected by a predesigned questionnaire and midstream urine samples collected using simple random sampling technique by using clean, sterile plastic cups and then inoculated onto CLED agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Urine culture was considered significant bacteriuria when colony forming units ≥105/mL of voided urine. Identification was done by using standard microbiological methods. Modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique was applied for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in accordance with CLSI 2018 criteria. Data were entered, cleared, checked and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. The results were displayed using tables and figures. Value <0.05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in cancer patients was 56% and 44% of samples did not grow in media. Staphylococcus aureus (20%) was the commonest isolated uropathogenic bacteria followed by E. coli (18%), Candida albicans (10%), Pseudomonas argionosa (4%), Enterococcus fecalis (2%) and Klebsiella species (2%), in cancer patients. Conclusions This study showed a high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among cancer patients (56%) compared to apparently healthy donors (44%). E. coli was isolated predominately.
  • Item
    Molecular Detection of Aminoglycoside Resistance Gene arm A, ant, Acc3, Acc6 and Aph of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimensin Khartoum State-Sudan 2022
    (Napata College, 2022) AbugogoGawKafiWanis; AlfatihAlamin Taha; AlmojtabaAlfatih Ahmed Ibrahim; Suliaman Gorashie Suliaman Khalil; Omer Hassan Omer Ahmed; Mustafa Yousif Adam Abaker
    Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) has become one of the most agents of healthcare-associated infection in medical centers with the potential to cause several clinical infections including pneumonia, septicemia, and urinary tract and soft tissue infections. In recent years, the emergence of several types of resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics has caused critical clinical concern, leading to serious limitations in the treatment of these pathogens with subsequent increased morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was the detection of a resistance gene in k.pneumoniae isolate from different types of samples in hospitals (Alia Specialist, Yastabshroun, Military hospital, Shargalneel, Omdurman for maternity) in Khartoum state – Sudan. A total of 50k.pneumoniae was isolated from different hospitals in Khartoum state. Objectives: Detection of Aminoglycoside Resistance Gene (arm A, ant, Acc3, Acc6, and Aph) in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Method: the cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Khartoum state Sudan, A number of fifty samples were collected during the period from May to September 2022 and labeled culture these specimens in MacConkey agar in order to identify the bacteria perform gram staining technique and following biochemical tests (indole test, urease test, citrate utilization test, motility test, and growth on kligler iron agar) was performed and measure of antimicrobial sensitivity test by disc diffusion method (Kirby bour method), DNA extracted by use boiling method, and then perform multiplex PCR ( Ant andAcc3,Aph and Acc6 ) uniplex PCR (arm A). Result: Out of the 50 isolates from different samples including Urine, swabs, blood, sputum, and aspiration, most isolates from wound swabs 27(54%) male to female ratio were 0.6:1, patients' ages ranged from 1 year to 78 years with mean 53 (SD=22), the result of aminoglycoside resistance showed 28(56%), 34 (68%) and 37(74%) Gentamicin, Amikacin, and tobramycin respectively. Acc3 gene were detected in 21(42%) and 21 (42%) arm A, followed by 6 (12%) positive for Ant, and Acc6 was found in two isolates (4%), Aph was not detected there is not isolate share two or more genes. Conclusion: Our study findings confirmed the presence of aminoglycosides high resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae in Khartoum, Sudan with high prevalence of ant, armA, acc3 and acc6 genes especially acc3 and armA. The correlation between age group in the <1 year (40.0%) and acc6 gene and association between blood sample (40.0%) and acc6 gene.
  • Item
    Determination PT and APTT in pregnant women in Khartoum during the period from June to October 2022.
    (Napata College, 2022) Minna Allah Mubarak; Nesreen Gaffer; Razaz Kamal; Safwan Mohamed ALmubark; Taif Abo Algassim
    As a result of the typical physiological needs of pregnancy and childbirth, the hemostatic system develops a physiological hypercoagulable condition and the levels of coagulation factors I, VII, IX, X and XII rise during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to compare pregnant women to non-pregnant women in terms of coagulation changes during all three trimesters of pregnancy. The research was conducted 50 pregnant women, aged range between 20-39 year, who attended Dar ALelag Medical laboratory in Khartoum-Sudanduring the period from June 2022 to January 2023,followed undone for all 50 pregnant women during (first, second and third trimesters) by assigning PT,& PTT and compared with other 50 non-pregnant women which serve as controls. PT,& PPT showed decrease in third trimesters in pregnant women and PT also decrease in second trimester, while PTT decrease in all three trimesters in pregnant women when compared with non-pregnant women. These parameters also decrease in third trimester when compared with first trimester. In good, a condition of physiological low-grade intravascular coagulation characterizes normal pregnancy. In our research, in each trimester, there were alterations in the levels of coagulation parameters. In addition, the ranges for coagulation measures were supplied, which may help clinicians track coagulation in pregnant women more effectively.
  • Item
    Determination of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time among diabetic patients attending in Military Hospital in Khartoum state
    (Napata College, 2022) Hassan Musa Mohammed; Marafi Salah Aldeen Mahjoup; Randa Abdalrahman Ahmed; Rayan Gamal Mohammed
    Background: This is a descriptive cross sectional study that conducted in Military Hospital during the period from June, 2022 to October 2022. Aim: detect the variation of Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time between diabetic patient attending Military Hospital for diabetes and healthy individual.50 samples were collected from both genders, 25 samples from diabetic patients in which there were 14 males and 11 females and 25 samples from healthy individuals in which there were 17 males and 8 females. Material and method: In this cross sectional study case control study 25 diabetic patients and 25 healthy individuals were subjected to Prothrombin time(PT), Activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) and international normalization ratio(INR) patients in the department of hematology, this study conducted in Military Hospital during the period from June to October 2022, Results: the results showed that, the mean of prothrombin time was 15.440 sec in diabetic patients and 17.564 sec in healthy individuals, there is significant difference in PT (P=0.038). The mean of activated partial thromboplastin time was 33.868 sec in diabetic patients and 36.592 sec in healthy individuals, there is insignificant difference in APTT (P=0.336). The mean of INR was 1.7440 sec in diabetic patients and 1.6904 sec in healthy individuals there is insignificant difference in INR (P=0.649). Conclusion: This mean that there is a significant association between Diabetes mellitus and coagulation parameters which may result in increased morbidity and premature mortality of diabetic patient.
  • Item
    Assessment of Soc ioeconomic And Psychological Impact of Hemodialysis Among Patients With End Stage Renal Disease In Bahri Teaching Hospital From August-December 2022
    (Napata College, 2022) Nehad Mohammed Gahelrasool Hassan; Erhaf Alamin Ahmad Mohammed; Safa Musa Abdallah abdalmajed
    1.2 Background: End-stage renal failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is the final, permanent stage of chronic kidney disease, where kidney function has declined to the point that the kidneys can no longer function on their own. 1.3 Justification: Renal failure is a common health problem worldwide and dialysis is considered as the most effective replacement therapy. It affects the social quality of life of patients and may lead to some sort of dysfunction. The cost of dialysis in developing countries exceeds the financial ability of the majority of patients also affect their psychologicl health This study aims to assess the socioeconomic and psychological problems that facing dialysis patients and try to find suitable solutions for it as much as possible. 1.4 General objective: Assessment of socioeconomic and psychological impact of end stage Renal disease 1.5 Specific Objectives : -To identify sociodemographic characteristics that affect on end stage Renal disease . -To study the psychological effect of dialysis and related changes. -To assess social impact of dialysis on end stage Renal disease patients. -To compare between income of patient and the cost of hemodialysis. Aim of the study To assess the socio-economic impact and psychological effect of renal dialysis on patients of end stage Renal disease Method A descriptive cross sectional hospital based study was conducted at bahri teaching hospital in Renal Dialysis Center in August 2022 and it included 151 patients with end stage renal disease on dialysis process. All patients were interviewed to collect the socio-demographic and clinical data based designed questionnaire and the collected data was analyzed by statistical package for the social sciences. Result the average age of study population was ( >46) year which represent (52.3%) ,with gender predominance for male (51.7%) , the majority of them were university educated (27.8%) ,about (48.3%) of them were unemployed, (73.5%) married (3.3%) of the participants were divorced due to morbidity , (33.7%) of patients had low economic status while (25.8%) had moderate to high economic status , (42.4%) receive dialysis for ≥ 5 years , (95%) have permanent dialysis ,(53%) their income didn’t cover their cost of dialysis and life demand , (4%) of patients turn to sale their property to deal with the cost of dialysis , other ( 86.1%) receive financial support from their families , (72.8%) of patients their social life affected, ( 27.2%) not affected , from (n=16) of student patients there was ( n=13) left their study while ( n=3) continued their study regularly , (40%) of the patients were depressed while ( 60%) weren’t depressed and the majority of the depressed were female (61.7%). Conclusion Renal dialysis is a life-sustaining treatment for patients with end stage renal disease; however, it adversely affects patients’ social life and psychological status also their economic status was affected negatively in bahri teaching hospital in Renal Care Center because the cost of dialysis exceed their monthly income.
  • Item
    Determine C-Reactive protein as a Biomarker For the severity of Bacteria Infections in Younger and Older Sudanese Patients
    (Napata College, 2022-10) Altayeb Gaffar Hamad Alnill Osman; Mohammed Alsheikh Alamin Alsheikh; Mustafa Mohammed Yousif Osman; Noon Ibrahim Musa Mohammed; Omar Mohammed Ahmed Alnour; Salih Badr-Aldin Yassin Bashir
    Background :C-reactive protein (CRP) is frequently utilized in younger populations, although its efficacy in suspecting of bacterial infections in elderly populations is less clear. This study looked at the effectiveness of serum CRP levels in the suspecting of bacterial infections in elderly adults and younger patient at an early stage. Method :In a prospective cross-sectional study from July to September 2022, 50 serum and various samples were taken from patients at a private military hospital in Omdurman, Sudan, including blood, urine, wound swabs, throat swabs, and sputum. Cobas c 311 used the quantity method to measure the serum C-RP level and collect samples for culture and processing according to stander bacteriological techniques. Result :A total of 50 patients 27 male 54% and 23 female 46% were recruited over a period of 3 months with ratio of (1:1.7). CRP levels in patients less than 20 years show 56.5±50.8mg/l (mean±SD), in 20-40 years 100.7±66.5 mg/l (mean±SD), in 41-60 years show higher CRP level 124.87±81.8 mg/l (mean±SD), in More than 60 years 128.1±94.8 (P-value 0.467), higher CRP was found in Respiratory tract infection by Ps.aeruginose bacteria and we found no association between the result of C-RP and demographic data across the younger and older groups (Age group), also we conclude that there is no association between the result of C-RP and males and females (Sex group). Conclusion: In this study CRP level alone as biomarker indicator of inflammation and infection cannot use alone to suspect the type of bacterial infection, and there were no significant different in CRP level as response to bacterial infection in different patients ages and genders of patients.
  • Item
    ASSESSMENT OF COAGULATION PROFILE AMONG METHAMPHETAMINE SUDANESE ADULTS ABUSERS IN KHARTOUM STATE
    (Napata College, 2022-10) Khalid Mohammed Ahmed Yousif; Mohammed Saif Aldein El-tayeb Abdalla; Maab EL-Riyh Ibrahim Mohamad; Motwakel EL-Hafize EL-Tayeb EL-Emam; Awatif Osman Hussein Fadul
    Background: Methamphetamine is strong addictive drug that has serious physiological and psychological effects on human; we performed this study to assess the coagulation profile among Methamphetamine Sudanese adult abusers in Khartoum state. Method: An analytical case control study aimed on testing coagulation parameters on methamphetamine abuser as a case group and nonusers as a control group, the recorded results were analyzed using SPSS program. Results: A 50 samples of case group and 50 samples of control group were tested against each other for coagulation tests. The analyzed results revealed that males were abusing methamphetamine were much more than females. The analysis also shows that the addicts who have been abusing meth for a long time have a higher PT, APTT and INR than the patients who using it recently. The platelets of methamphetamine abusers were a bit lower than the people with no history of abusing. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the study populations are at higher risk of coagulopathies. Planning of drug awareness programs and developing of the rehabs centers would help to reduce the effect of Methamphetamine drug.
  • Item
    Determination of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time among diabetic patients attending in Military Hospital in Khartoum state
    (Napata College, 2022-10) Hassan Musa Mohammed; Marafi Salah Aldeen Mahjoup; Randa Abdalrahman Ahmed; Rayan Gamal Mohammed
    Background: This is a descriptive cross sectional study that conducted in Military Hospital during the period from June, 2022 to October 2022. Aim: detect the variation of Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time between diabetic patient attending Military Hospital for diabetes and healthy individual.50 samples were collected from both genders, 25 samples from diabetic patients in which there were 14 males and 11 females and 25 samples from healthy individuals in which there were 17 males and 8 females. Material and method: In this cross sectional study case control study 25 diabetic patients and 25 healthy individuals were subjected to Prothrombin time(PT), Activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) and international normalization ratio(INR) patients in the department of hematology, this study conducted in Military Hospital during the period from June to October 2022, Results: the results showed that, the mean of prothrombin time was 15.440 sec in diabetic patients and 17.564 sec in healthy individuals, there is significant difference in PT (P=0.038). The mean of activated partial thromboplastin time was 33.868 sec in diabetic patients and 36.592 sec in healthy individuals, there is insignificant difference in APTT (P=0.336). The mean of INR was 1.7440 sec in diabetic patients and 1.6904 sec in healthy individuals there is insignificant difference in INR (P=0.649). Conclusion: This mean that there is a significant association between Diabetes mellitus and coagulation parameters which may result in increased morbidity and premature mortality of diabetic patient.
  • Item
    Identification of Common Aerobic Bacteria Associated With Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Khartoum State
    (Napata College, 2022-11) Amal Yassin Al-Tahir Al-Hussein; Salawat Ahmed Noah Ahmed; Fatima Shames Aldeen Ali Suleiman; Maria Musa Abdullah Hussein; Yousra El-Tayeb Ahmed Saad; Yusriya Muhammed Al-Siddiq al-Barr
    IV Abstract Background: Diabetic foot ulcers is among the most common complications of diabetes mellitus which significantly causes hospitalization and is the most prevalent etiology of non-traumatic amputation worldwide. Knowledge of the microbial burden in the ulcers and antibiotics susceptibility pattern may improve patients’ care and management. this study was aim to isolate, identify and carry out antibiotic susceptibility testing on bacterial isolates associated with foot ulcers among type 2 diabetic mellitus. Method: A cross-sectional laboratory based study was conducted in selected Hospitals in Khartoum swabs samples were collected before dressing from patients suffering diabetic foot ulcers attended diabetic center and surgical department during the study period .Data were collected using structured questionnaire. The clinical isolates were purified by streaking on suitable selective and differential culture media. They were identified on the basis of the results of microscopically examinations, Gram reactions, cultural characters, biochemical tests and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done according to clinical and laboratory standard institutes guidelines. Result: A total of Ninety two pathogenic bacteria were isolated from patients with a diabetic foot ulcer. The most prevalent detected bacteria were Staphylococcus .aureus( 34%) , Klebsiella sp. (10.9%), Proteus.mirabilis (27.2%) ,Proteus.vulgaris (12%) ,pseudomon.aeruginosa (17.4%).Gram-positive (Staphylococcus .aureus) isolates were susceptible to Gentamycin, Vancomycin and Imepenm Gram-negative isolates were also sensitive to Imepenem and Ciprofloxacin The most resistant antibiotic was Amoxacillin Conclusion : The pathogens causing diabetic foot ulcers show vary in sensitivity and resistant to many of the routinely used medications. However, resistance is being developed to some of the antibiotics such as Ceftrixone Therefore, the culture of the specimen to identify the causative agent and adequate knowledge of the susceptibility pattern are critical for the appropriate management of diabetic foot ulcers.