Batch 3

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    Molecular Detection of Aminoglycoside Resistance Gene arm A, ant, Acc3, Acc6 and Aph of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimensin Khartoum State-Sudan 2022
    (Napata College, 2022) AbugogoGawKafiWanis; AlfatihAlamin Taha; AlmojtabaAlfatih Ahmed Ibrahim; Suliaman Gorashie Suliaman Khalil; Omer Hassan Omer Ahmed; Mustafa Yousif Adam Abaker
    Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) has become one of the most agents of healthcare-associated infection in medical centers with the potential to cause several clinical infections including pneumonia, septicemia, and urinary tract and soft tissue infections. In recent years, the emergence of several types of resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics has caused critical clinical concern, leading to serious limitations in the treatment of these pathogens with subsequent increased morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was the detection of a resistance gene in k.pneumoniae isolate from different types of samples in hospitals (Alia Specialist, Yastabshroun, Military hospital, Shargalneel, Omdurman for maternity) in Khartoum state – Sudan. A total of 50k.pneumoniae was isolated from different hospitals in Khartoum state. Objectives: Detection of Aminoglycoside Resistance Gene (arm A, ant, Acc3, Acc6, and Aph) in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Method: the cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Khartoum state Sudan, A number of fifty samples were collected during the period from May to September 2022 and labeled culture these specimens in MacConkey agar in order to identify the bacteria perform gram staining technique and following biochemical tests (indole test, urease test, citrate utilization test, motility test, and growth on kligler iron agar) was performed and measure of antimicrobial sensitivity test by disc diffusion method (Kirby bour method), DNA extracted by use boiling method, and then perform multiplex PCR ( Ant andAcc3,Aph and Acc6 ) uniplex PCR (arm A). Result: Out of the 50 isolates from different samples including Urine, swabs, blood, sputum, and aspiration, most isolates from wound swabs 27(54%) male to female ratio were 0.6:1, patients' ages ranged from 1 year to 78 years with mean 53 (SD=22), the result of aminoglycoside resistance showed 28(56%), 34 (68%) and 37(74%) Gentamicin, Amikacin, and tobramycin respectively. Acc3 gene were detected in 21(42%) and 21 (42%) arm A, followed by 6 (12%) positive for Ant, and Acc6 was found in two isolates (4%), Aph was not detected there is not isolate share two or more genes. Conclusion: Our study findings confirmed the presence of aminoglycosides high resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae in Khartoum, Sudan with high prevalence of ant, armA, acc3 and acc6 genes especially acc3 and armA. The correlation between age group in the <1 year (40.0%) and acc6 gene and association between blood sample (40.0%) and acc6 gene.
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    Determination PT and APTT in pregnant women in Khartoum during the period from June to October 2022.
    (Napata College, 2022) Minna Allah Mubarak; Nesreen Gaffer; Razaz Kamal; Safwan Mohamed ALmubark; Taif Abo Algassim
    As a result of the typical physiological needs of pregnancy and childbirth, the hemostatic system develops a physiological hypercoagulable condition and the levels of coagulation factors I, VII, IX, X and XII rise during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to compare pregnant women to non-pregnant women in terms of coagulation changes during all three trimesters of pregnancy. The research was conducted 50 pregnant women, aged range between 20-39 year, who attended Dar ALelag Medical laboratory in Khartoum-Sudanduring the period from June 2022 to January 2023,followed undone for all 50 pregnant women during (first, second and third trimesters) by assigning PT,& PTT and compared with other 50 non-pregnant women which serve as controls. PT,& PPT showed decrease in third trimesters in pregnant women and PT also decrease in second trimester, while PTT decrease in all three trimesters in pregnant women when compared with non-pregnant women. These parameters also decrease in third trimester when compared with first trimester. In good, a condition of physiological low-grade intravascular coagulation characterizes normal pregnancy. In our research, in each trimester, there were alterations in the levels of coagulation parameters. In addition, the ranges for coagulation measures were supplied, which may help clinicians track coagulation in pregnant women more effectively.
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    Determination of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time among diabetic patients attending in Military Hospital in Khartoum state
    (Napata College, 2022) Hassan Musa Mohammed; Marafi Salah Aldeen Mahjoup; Randa Abdalrahman Ahmed; Rayan Gamal Mohammed
    Background: This is a descriptive cross sectional study that conducted in Military Hospital during the period from June, 2022 to October 2022. Aim: detect the variation of Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time between diabetic patient attending Military Hospital for diabetes and healthy individual.50 samples were collected from both genders, 25 samples from diabetic patients in which there were 14 males and 11 females and 25 samples from healthy individuals in which there were 17 males and 8 females. Material and method: In this cross sectional study case control study 25 diabetic patients and 25 healthy individuals were subjected to Prothrombin time(PT), Activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) and international normalization ratio(INR) patients in the department of hematology, this study conducted in Military Hospital during the period from June to October 2022, Results: the results showed that, the mean of prothrombin time was 15.440 sec in diabetic patients and 17.564 sec in healthy individuals, there is significant difference in PT (P=0.038). The mean of activated partial thromboplastin time was 33.868 sec in diabetic patients and 36.592 sec in healthy individuals, there is insignificant difference in APTT (P=0.336). The mean of INR was 1.7440 sec in diabetic patients and 1.6904 sec in healthy individuals there is insignificant difference in INR (P=0.649). Conclusion: This mean that there is a significant association between Diabetes mellitus and coagulation parameters which may result in increased morbidity and premature mortality of diabetic patient.
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    Assessment of Soc ioeconomic And Psychological Impact of Hemodialysis Among Patients With End Stage Renal Disease In Bahri Teaching Hospital From August-December 2022
    (Napata College, 2022) Nehad Mohammed Gahelrasool Hassan; Erhaf Alamin Ahmad Mohammed; Safa Musa Abdallah abdalmajed
    1.2 Background: End-stage renal failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is the final, permanent stage of chronic kidney disease, where kidney function has declined to the point that the kidneys can no longer function on their own. 1.3 Justification: Renal failure is a common health problem worldwide and dialysis is considered as the most effective replacement therapy. It affects the social quality of life of patients and may lead to some sort of dysfunction. The cost of dialysis in developing countries exceeds the financial ability of the majority of patients also affect their psychologicl health This study aims to assess the socioeconomic and psychological problems that facing dialysis patients and try to find suitable solutions for it as much as possible. 1.4 General objective: Assessment of socioeconomic and psychological impact of end stage Renal disease 1.5 Specific Objectives : -To identify sociodemographic characteristics that affect on end stage Renal disease . -To study the psychological effect of dialysis and related changes. -To assess social impact of dialysis on end stage Renal disease patients. -To compare between income of patient and the cost of hemodialysis. Aim of the study To assess the socio-economic impact and psychological effect of renal dialysis on patients of end stage Renal disease Method A descriptive cross sectional hospital based study was conducted at bahri teaching hospital in Renal Dialysis Center in August 2022 and it included 151 patients with end stage renal disease on dialysis process. All patients were interviewed to collect the socio-demographic and clinical data based designed questionnaire and the collected data was analyzed by statistical package for the social sciences. Result the average age of study population was ( >46) year which represent (52.3%) ,with gender predominance for male (51.7%) , the majority of them were university educated (27.8%) ,about (48.3%) of them were unemployed, (73.5%) married (3.3%) of the participants were divorced due to morbidity , (33.7%) of patients had low economic status while (25.8%) had moderate to high economic status , (42.4%) receive dialysis for ≥ 5 years , (95%) have permanent dialysis ,(53%) their income didn’t cover their cost of dialysis and life demand , (4%) of patients turn to sale their property to deal with the cost of dialysis , other ( 86.1%) receive financial support from their families , (72.8%) of patients their social life affected, ( 27.2%) not affected , from (n=16) of student patients there was ( n=13) left their study while ( n=3) continued their study regularly , (40%) of the patients were depressed while ( 60%) weren’t depressed and the majority of the depressed were female (61.7%). Conclusion Renal dialysis is a life-sustaining treatment for patients with end stage renal disease; however, it adversely affects patients’ social life and psychological status also their economic status was affected negatively in bahri teaching hospital in Renal Care Center because the cost of dialysis exceed their monthly income.
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    Determine C-Reactive protein as a Biomarker For the severity of Bacteria Infections in Younger and Older Sudanese Patients
    (Napata College, 2022-10) Altayeb Gaffar Hamad Alnill Osman; Mohammed Alsheikh Alamin Alsheikh; Mustafa Mohammed Yousif Osman; Noon Ibrahim Musa Mohammed; Omar Mohammed Ahmed Alnour; Salih Badr-Aldin Yassin Bashir
    Background :C-reactive protein (CRP) is frequently utilized in younger populations, although its efficacy in suspecting of bacterial infections in elderly populations is less clear. This study looked at the effectiveness of serum CRP levels in the suspecting of bacterial infections in elderly adults and younger patient at an early stage. Method :In a prospective cross-sectional study from July to September 2022, 50 serum and various samples were taken from patients at a private military hospital in Omdurman, Sudan, including blood, urine, wound swabs, throat swabs, and sputum. Cobas c 311 used the quantity method to measure the serum C-RP level and collect samples for culture and processing according to stander bacteriological techniques. Result :A total of 50 patients 27 male 54% and 23 female 46% were recruited over a period of 3 months with ratio of (1:1.7). CRP levels in patients less than 20 years show 56.5±50.8mg/l (mean±SD), in 20-40 years 100.7±66.5 mg/l (mean±SD), in 41-60 years show higher CRP level 124.87±81.8 mg/l (mean±SD), in More than 60 years 128.1±94.8 (P-value 0.467), higher CRP was found in Respiratory tract infection by Ps.aeruginose bacteria and we found no association between the result of C-RP and demographic data across the younger and older groups (Age group), also we conclude that there is no association between the result of C-RP and males and females (Sex group). Conclusion: In this study CRP level alone as biomarker indicator of inflammation and infection cannot use alone to suspect the type of bacterial infection, and there were no significant different in CRP level as response to bacterial infection in different patients ages and genders of patients.
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    ASSESSMENT OF COAGULATION PROFILE AMONG METHAMPHETAMINE SUDANESE ADULTS ABUSERS IN KHARTOUM STATE
    (Napata College, 2022-10) Khalid Mohammed Ahmed Yousif; Mohammed Saif Aldein El-tayeb Abdalla; Maab EL-Riyh Ibrahim Mohamad; Motwakel EL-Hafize EL-Tayeb EL-Emam; Awatif Osman Hussein Fadul
    Background: Methamphetamine is strong addictive drug that has serious physiological and psychological effects on human; we performed this study to assess the coagulation profile among Methamphetamine Sudanese adult abusers in Khartoum state. Method: An analytical case control study aimed on testing coagulation parameters on methamphetamine abuser as a case group and nonusers as a control group, the recorded results were analyzed using SPSS program. Results: A 50 samples of case group and 50 samples of control group were tested against each other for coagulation tests. The analyzed results revealed that males were abusing methamphetamine were much more than females. The analysis also shows that the addicts who have been abusing meth for a long time have a higher PT, APTT and INR than the patients who using it recently. The platelets of methamphetamine abusers were a bit lower than the people with no history of abusing. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the study populations are at higher risk of coagulopathies. Planning of drug awareness programs and developing of the rehabs centers would help to reduce the effect of Methamphetamine drug.
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    Determination of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time among diabetic patients attending in Military Hospital in Khartoum state
    (Napata College, 2022-10) Hassan Musa Mohammed; Marafi Salah Aldeen Mahjoup; Randa Abdalrahman Ahmed; Rayan Gamal Mohammed
    Background: This is a descriptive cross sectional study that conducted in Military Hospital during the period from June, 2022 to October 2022. Aim: detect the variation of Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time between diabetic patient attending Military Hospital for diabetes and healthy individual.50 samples were collected from both genders, 25 samples from diabetic patients in which there were 14 males and 11 females and 25 samples from healthy individuals in which there were 17 males and 8 females. Material and method: In this cross sectional study case control study 25 diabetic patients and 25 healthy individuals were subjected to Prothrombin time(PT), Activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) and international normalization ratio(INR) patients in the department of hematology, this study conducted in Military Hospital during the period from June to October 2022, Results: the results showed that, the mean of prothrombin time was 15.440 sec in diabetic patients and 17.564 sec in healthy individuals, there is significant difference in PT (P=0.038). The mean of activated partial thromboplastin time was 33.868 sec in diabetic patients and 36.592 sec in healthy individuals, there is insignificant difference in APTT (P=0.336). The mean of INR was 1.7440 sec in diabetic patients and 1.6904 sec in healthy individuals there is insignificant difference in INR (P=0.649). Conclusion: This mean that there is a significant association between Diabetes mellitus and coagulation parameters which may result in increased morbidity and premature mortality of diabetic patient.
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    Identification of Common Aerobic Bacteria Associated With Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Khartoum State
    (Napata College, 2022-11) Amal Yassin Al-Tahir Al-Hussein; Salawat Ahmed Noah Ahmed; Fatima Shames Aldeen Ali Suleiman; Maria Musa Abdullah Hussein; Yousra El-Tayeb Ahmed Saad; Yusriya Muhammed Al-Siddiq al-Barr
    IV Abstract Background: Diabetic foot ulcers is among the most common complications of diabetes mellitus which significantly causes hospitalization and is the most prevalent etiology of non-traumatic amputation worldwide. Knowledge of the microbial burden in the ulcers and antibiotics susceptibility pattern may improve patients’ care and management. this study was aim to isolate, identify and carry out antibiotic susceptibility testing on bacterial isolates associated with foot ulcers among type 2 diabetic mellitus. Method: A cross-sectional laboratory based study was conducted in selected Hospitals in Khartoum swabs samples were collected before dressing from patients suffering diabetic foot ulcers attended diabetic center and surgical department during the study period .Data were collected using structured questionnaire. The clinical isolates were purified by streaking on suitable selective and differential culture media. They were identified on the basis of the results of microscopically examinations, Gram reactions, cultural characters, biochemical tests and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done according to clinical and laboratory standard institutes guidelines. Result: A total of Ninety two pathogenic bacteria were isolated from patients with a diabetic foot ulcer. The most prevalent detected bacteria were Staphylococcus .aureus( 34%) , Klebsiella sp. (10.9%), Proteus.mirabilis (27.2%) ,Proteus.vulgaris (12%) ,pseudomon.aeruginosa (17.4%).Gram-positive (Staphylococcus .aureus) isolates were susceptible to Gentamycin, Vancomycin and Imepenm Gram-negative isolates were also sensitive to Imepenem and Ciprofloxacin The most resistant antibiotic was Amoxacillin Conclusion : The pathogens causing diabetic foot ulcers show vary in sensitivity and resistant to many of the routinely used medications. However, resistance is being developed to some of the antibiotics such as Ceftrixone Therefore, the culture of the specimen to identify the causative agent and adequate knowledge of the susceptibility pattern are critical for the appropriate management of diabetic foot ulcers.