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- ItemManagement of Anxiety and Depression: An Islamic Perspective(Napata College, 2025-04)Under the title of “Sudd-ul-Hamm” or repelling worries Ibn -al -Quayim (IQM) made his contribution in managing what we now diagnose as anxiety and depression. IQM defined Hamm as worries in the heart about possible future threats and /or distress because of past afflictions Ibn al-Qayyim’s psychotherapeutic theory may be compiled as follows: 1- Human nature is characterized by a will to satisfy needs and desires 2- Human behavior is characterized by successive endeavors to satisfy these desires. Prophet Mohammed peace be upon him is reported to have said that the truest of names are al-Harith and al-Humam. 3- Humans are amenable to suffering distress because of loss and / or worry about possible future afflictions 4- Emotional well-being depends on (daf’ul-ham) which may roughly translate as repelling frustration. 5- Al-hamm corresponds to both anxiety and depression as Ibn al-Qayyim refers repeatedly to worries of past losses and future worries. 7- Having recourse to Allah is emphasized primarily in the internalization of the articles of faith and the conceptualization of the five pillars of Islam including Salat (Prayers) 8- Thus, Salah as an exemplary session of mindfulness carried out at least five times a day is a perfect exercise with all the requirements of distraction-free order where calm and serenity is the norm, lowering the gaze and confining all the senses to the prayer tasks at hand: A typical manifestation of mindfulness. The prophetic Hadith goes “come to salah with tranquility and dignity” 9- But of course, there is more to salat and to components of other acts of worship than sheer mindfulness. Their benefits go way beyond sheer ridding oneself of despair or psychopathology. Acts of worship are ladders of ascension to higher levels of spiritual experience and communion with the Almighty. Acts of worship and observance of religious injunctions have always been associated with the consummation of character. It can be said that IQA’s theory of motivation has bridged the gap between psychology and ethics 6- The best defense is always to have recourse to Allah.
- ItemA Unilateral Accessory Obturator Vessels Variations; Case Report and Literature Review(Napata College, 2025-04)The presence of an accessory obturator artery was described in May literature; this variant has clinical implications in surgical operations and interventional radiology. During a routine dissection of the deep structures in the pelvic region of a 60-year-old male cadaver in the laboratory of the Department of Anatomy at the National University in Khartoum, Sudan, anatomical variation was discovered on the right side of the pelvic wall: an accessory artery and vein were traversing the right obturator canal. The right accessory obturator artery emerges from the right inferior epigastric artery and descends to join the main right obturater artery; also, the associated right accessory vein was terminated into the right obturator vein. The obturator vessels exhibited a normal path of origin. Awareness of such variations is critical when performing surgical procedures.
- ItemThe disturbed serum mineral profiles in chronic kidney disease patients from Hail Region, Saudi Arabia.(Napata College, 2025-04)Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients experience disturbed serum minerals concentrations. This study aims to investigate the serum minerals profile in CKD, and the possible causes for the disturbances. The study was conducted at King Khalid hospital, Hail, Saudi Arabia. Clinical data of 276 CKD patients with results of serum calcium, phosphate, magnesium and potassium levels were included. The patients were distributed into 5 groups according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate. Statistical analysis was conducted by single ANOVA and regression analysis. The majority of group 5 patients were male with older ages, and their serum phosphate levels were elevated by 26.96%, with the percentage of hyperphosphatemic patients increased from 2.30% to 37.61%. Moreover, the percentage of patients with hypermagnesemia rose from 4.6% to 22.93%. In contrast, the calcium was reduced by 9.69%, with the hypocalcemic patients raised from 37.93% to 81.65%. The serum potassium was significantly (P < 0.001) elevated, with the hyperkalemic patients increased to 28.44%. The serum phosphate, magnesium and potassium showed significant positive correlations with creatinine, whereas, calcium showed a negative correlation. Moreover, the magnesium showed significant positive correlations with phosphate and potassium, but not with calcium or sodium. levation of serum phosphate may start from as early as stage 3 and turns into hyperphosphatemia at stage 5, with a strong correlation between magnesium and phosphate. Thus, management of Mg and Phosphate levels from earlier stages of the disease can prevent vascular calcification. Moreover, restriction of dietary potassium intake can prevent the development of hyperkalemia.
- ItemRegaining Consciousness After General Anesthesia: a Personal Experience(Napata College, 2025-04)In 2015 I underwent heart surgery under general anesthesia. Just before I regained full consciousness, I felt I was like a huge spaceship or something anchoring with bolts and nuts to a huge kind of steel base structure. I discovered later that similar experiences in similar circumstances were reported in relevant studies. In similar circumstances patients often describe sensations of floating, heaviness, being "reassembled”, feeling like machines or parts of systems or divine perception and awareness. Evidently the interpretation of these narratives depends on the theoretical framework of one or the other of a variety of theories of consciousness. In this paper an attempt is made to explain this subjective spaceship anchorage mental experience within the theoretical framework of each of these constructs of consciousness. namely; Global Workspace Theory (GWT), Predictive Coding (PC), Integrated Information theory (IIT), Higher Order theories (HOT), and Penrose – Hammeroff Quantum Paradigm (Orch-Or).
- ItemSome Metabolic and Organ Function Disturbances Related to Thyroid Dysfunction(Napata College, 2025-04)Background: Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are the thyroid disorders that involve adverse metabolic disturbances. The present study aims to investigate the serum lipid profile, glucose levels and the renal function in newly diagnosed hypothyroid (HO) and hyperthyroid (HE) patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in King Khaled hospital, Hail, Saudi Arabia. The database of 72 (M=17, F=55) newly diagnosed patients with thyroid disfunction were included in the study. Based on their thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) results, the patients were classified into HO (TSH ≥ 4.5 mIU/L), HE (TSH ≤ 0.4 mIU/L) and normal subjects used as control. The levels of serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), TSH, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), HDL, LDL, glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid (UA) were assayed in the hospital laboratory. and VLDL calculated by subtraction. Results: The serum glucose levels were significantly elevated in the HE (P < 0.01) and HO (P < 0.05) groups compared to control, with significant positive correlation with Log FT4. Whereas, the serum TCs of the HO group was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the HE, but not different from control. Similarly, the serum TGs level of the HE group was significantly lower than control (P < 0.05) and HO (P < 0.01) groups. However, the HDL- and LDL-cholesterol fractions were not significantly altered in any of the groups. The VLDL- fraction of the HE group was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the control, and was lower than the HO group (P < 0.01). The TSH showed significant positive correlations with TC and TGs. The serum creatinine in the HE group was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than control and significantly (P < 0.001) lower than the HO. Similarly, the serum BUN and UA in the HO group were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the HE. Moreover, the TSH exhibited significant positive correlations with serum creatinine and UA. Whereas, the FT4 and FT3 exhibited negative correlations with creatinine. Conclusion: The existence of insulin resistance in both HO and HE was evidenced by the significantly elevated serum glucose concentrations, whereas, the TC and TGs were significantly elevated in the HO group and reduced in the HE. The renal impairment was confirmed by the elevated renal function markers in the HO, but unaltered in the HE. We recommend that during treating patients with thyroid disfunction, such related metabolic disturbances should be considered and treated to avoid further progression into chronic complications.