Issue 1

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    A Unilateral Accessory Obturator Vessels Variations; Case Report and Literature Review
    (Napata College, 2025-04) Mohamed Alnaeem Mohamed Altayeb; Abdelrahman Elfadil Abdelrahman Babiker; Mohand Tag Elseer Mohammed Albadwy; Mohammed A.A Abdelmotalab; Abdulwahab Hussin Abdulwahab Abdulkarim; Thana Siddig Ahmed Yousif; Rayan Hamid; Maad Nasor
    The presence of an accessory obturator artery was described in May literature; this variant has clinical implications in surgical operations and interventional radiology. During a routine dissection of the deep structures in the pelvic region of a 60-year-old male cadaver in the laboratory of the Department of Anatomy at the National University in Khartoum, Sudan, anatomical variation was discovered on the right side of the pelvic wall: an accessory artery and vein were traversing the right obturator canal. The right accessory obturator artery emerges from the right inferior epigastric artery and descends to join the main right obturater artery; also, the associated right accessory vein was terminated into the right obturator vein. The obturator vessels exhibited a normal path of origin. Awareness of such variations is critical when performing surgical procedures.
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    Management of Anxiety and Depression: An Islamic Perspective
    (Napata College, 2025-04) Elzubaeir Beshier Taha
    Under the title of “Sudd-ul-Hamm” or repelling worries Ibn -al -Quayim (IQM) made his contribution in managing what we now diagnose as anxiety and depression. IQM defined Hamm as worries in the heart about possible future threats and /or distress because of past afflictions Ibn al-Qayyim’s psychotherapeutic theory may be compiled as follows: 1- Human nature is characterized by a will to satisfy needs and desires 2- Human behavior is characterized by successive endeavors to satisfy these desires. Prophet Mohammed peace be upon him is reported to have said that the truest of names are al-Harith and al-Humam. 3- Humans are amenable to suffering distress because of loss and / or worry about possible future afflictions 4- Emotional well-being depends on (daf’ul-ham) which may roughly translate as repelling frustration. 5- Al-hamm corresponds to both anxiety and depression as Ibn al-Qayyim refers repeatedly to worries of past losses and future worries. 7- Having recourse to Allah is emphasized primarily in the internalization of the articles of faith and the conceptualization of the five pillars of Islam including Salat (Prayers) 8- Thus, Salah as an exemplary session of mindfulness carried out at least five times a day is a perfect exercise with all the requirements of distraction-free order where calm and serenity is the norm, lowering the gaze and confining all the senses to the prayer tasks at hand: A typical manifestation of mindfulness. The prophetic Hadith goes “come to salah with tranquility and dignity” 9- But of course, there is more to salat and to components of other acts of worship than sheer mindfulness. Their benefits go way beyond sheer ridding oneself of despair or psychopathology. Acts of worship are ladders of ascension to higher levels of spiritual experience and communion with the Almighty. Acts of worship and observance of religious injunctions have always been associated with the consummation of character. It can be said that IQA’s theory of motivation has bridged the gap between psychology and ethics 6- The best defense is always to have recourse to Allah.
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    Postpartum Depression among Women using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at Maternity Hospital in Omdurman Locality
    (Napata College, 2025-04) Ebtehag Adam Abdo Hamid; Faiza Taha; Ihsan Alyamni Abdallah
    Background: Postpartum Depression is a serious public health problem that leads to high maternal morbidity and mortality, enormously affecting the infant, family and society. Aim: The study aimed to assess postnatal women with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, to identify postpartum depression among women. Methods: This was a hospital –based cross-sectional which was carried out in two maternity hospitals in Omdurman locality. It included (142) participants, selected through systematic sampling method. The data was collected by interviews questionnaire focus on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (the maximum attainable score was 30. Scoring of < 8- not likely, 9-11 - possible, 12-13-Fairly high possibility, 14 or higher probable depression), and data were analyzed by the Statistical Package of Social Sciences, version 25, descriptive and inferential statistics used and a significance test was checked by chi-square test and p –value 0.05 accepted and data were presented in form of tables and figure. Results: The majority of the participants were between 20- 24 years of age, 58.5 % had insufficient income, more than half of participants their current pregnancy wanted and unplanned 54% and 57 % not received support from their husband, 49% of participants had probable depression and experiences depressive symptoms. In our study there was statistically significant association between current pregnancy wanted and unplanned (p-value 0.042), monthly income of family (p-value = 0. 079), and not received support from their husband (p-value 0.048) and Postnatal Depression status. Conclusion: Based on this study postpartum depression was highly probable among women and this indicates that a significant proportion of postpartum women experience depressive symptoms.
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    Pregnant Women Awareness and Attitude Regarding Obstetrics Danger Signs at a Tertiary Hospital in Gezira State, Sudan 2022
    (Napata College, 2025-04) Fatima Abdalla; Faiza Taha; Aisha Adam
    Background: Awareness and a positive attitude toward obstetric danger signs are essential first steps in ensuring the appropriate and timely referral to obstetric care. This study aimed to assess awareness and attitudes regarding obstetric danger signs among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care at Wad-Madeni Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital in Gezira State, Sudan. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 30 to July 10, 2022. A total of 419 women were recruited through a systematic simple random sampling method after obtaining their consent. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), applying appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, with a significance level of P > 0.05 for associations. Results: A total of 206 (49.2%) and 171 (40.8%) mothers were satisfied with their awareness of obstetric danger signs during pregnancy and labor, respectively, while 179 (42.7%) had good awareness of danger signs during the postnatal period. The overall levels of awareness about obstetric danger signs among women were categorized as follows: good (104, 24.6%), satisfied (168, 40.2%), and poor (147, 35.2%). Additionally, 409 (97.6%) of the total respondents exhibited a positive attitude. Conclusion: Awareness of obstetric danger signs was significantly associated with education level, frequency of antenatal care (ANC) follow-ups, and parity. The most frequently reported obstetric danger sign during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period was vaginal bleeding. It is crucial to implement health education programs targeting individuals with low awareness levels to improve overall community knowledge.
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    Psychological Disorders (Anxiety, Nervousness, and Social isolation) Among Diabetic Patients in port Sudan
    (Napata College, 2025-04) Elalim Eltayeb Abdurrahman; Reem Ahmed Abduraheim; Nahla Zain Alabdin Ahmed; Thagib Hassan Gafar; Mohammed Salim Naif; Anas Mohammed Musa
    Background: Diabetes is a common chronic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. The International Diabetes Federation expects the number of affected individuals to reach 783 million by 2045. The psychological aspects of diabetes management are well-documented, particularly in relation to glycemic control and patient outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychological disorders among diabetic patients in Port Sudan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetic patients at Ahmed Hassan Center, Port Sudan. Standardized questionnaires, including the GAD-7 for anxiety and the UCLA 3-item scale for loneliness, were used. The Pearson chi-square test was employed to assess associations between variables. Results: A total of 256 diabetic patients participated in this study, with males comprising 55% of the sample. Of the participants, 28% were aged 41–60 years. The median anxiety score on the GAD-7 was 11, indicating a significant proportion of patients experienced moderate-to-severe anxiety. Additionally, 53.9% reported experiencing nervousness sometimes, while 57.4% felt socially isolated, highlighting the prevalence of mental health concerns in this population. A significant association was found between loneliness and nervousness (p = 0.001), suggesting that increased loneliness correlates with higher levels of nervousness. Various sociodemographic factors were also associated with loneliness: females were more likely to experience loneliness (p = 0.013), whereas being married was linked to lower levels of loneliness (-0.445, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of integrating psychological care into routine diabetes management, as poor mental health can exacerbate glycemic control issues, potentially leading to serious complications.
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    Regaining Consciousness After General Anesthesia: a Personal Experience
    (Napata College, 2025-04) Elzubeir Beshir Taha
    In 2015 I underwent heart surgery under general anesthesia. Just before I regained full consciousness, I felt I was like a huge spaceship or something anchoring with bolts and nuts to a huge kind of steel base structure. I discovered later that similar experiences in similar circumstances were reported in relevant studies. In similar circumstances patients often describe sensations of floating, heaviness, being "reassembled”, feeling like machines or parts of systems or divine perception and awareness. Evidently the interpretation of these narratives depends on the theoretical framework of one or the other of a variety of theories of consciousness. In this paper an attempt is made to explain this subjective spaceship anchorage mental experience within the theoretical framework of each of these constructs of consciousness. namely; Global Workspace Theory (GWT), Predictive Coding (PC), Integrated Information theory (IIT), Higher Order theories (HOT), and Penrose – Hammeroff Quantum Paradigm (Orch-Or).
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    Some Metabolic and Organ Function Disturbances Related to Thyroid Dysfunction
    (Napata College, 2025-04) Abdelgayoum Ahmed Abdel-Gayoum
    Background: Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are the thyroid disorders that involve adverse metabolic disturbances. The present study aims to investigate the serum lipid profile, glucose levels and the renal function in newly diagnosed hypothyroid (HO) and hyperthyroid (HE) patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in King Khaled hospital, Hail, Saudi Arabia. The database of 72 (M=17, F=55) newly diagnosed patients with thyroid disfunction were included in the study. Based on their thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) results, the patients were classified into HO (TSH ≥ 4.5 mIU/L), HE (TSH ≤ 0.4 mIU/L) and normal subjects used as control. The levels of serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), TSH, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), HDL, LDL, glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid (UA) were assayed in the hospital laboratory. and VLDL calculated by subtraction. Results: The serum glucose levels were significantly elevated in the HE (P < 0.01) and HO (P < 0.05) groups compared to control, with significant positive correlation with Log FT4. Whereas, the serum TCs of the HO group was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the HE, but not different from control. Similarly, the serum TGs level of the HE group was significantly lower than control (P < 0.05) and HO (P < 0.01) groups. However, the HDL- and LDL-cholesterol fractions were not significantly altered in any of the groups. The VLDL- fraction of the HE group was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the control, and was lower than the HO group (P < 0.01). The TSH showed significant positive correlations with TC and TGs. The serum creatinine in the HE group was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than control and significantly (P < 0.001) lower than the HO. Similarly, the serum BUN and UA in the HO group were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the HE. Moreover, the TSH exhibited significant positive correlations with serum creatinine and UA. Whereas, the FT4 and FT3 exhibited negative correlations with creatinine. Conclusion: The existence of insulin resistance in both HO and HE was evidenced by the significantly elevated serum glucose concentrations, whereas, the TC and TGs were significantly elevated in the HO group and reduced in the HE. The renal impairment was confirmed by the elevated renal function markers in the HO, but unaltered in the HE. We recommend that during treating patients with thyroid disfunction, such related metabolic disturbances should be considered and treated to avoid further progression into chronic complications.
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    The disturbed serum mineral profiles in chronic kidney disease patients from Hail Region, Saudi Arabia.
    (Napata College, 2025-04) Abdelgayoum Ahmed Abdel-gayoum
    Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients experience disturbed serum minerals concentrations. This study aims to investigate the serum minerals profile in CKD, and the possible causes for the disturbances. The study was conducted at King Khalid hospital, Hail, Saudi Arabia. Clinical data of 276 CKD patients with results of serum calcium, phosphate, magnesium and potassium levels were included. The patients were distributed into 5 groups according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate. Statistical analysis was conducted by single ANOVA and regression analysis. The majority of group 5 patients were male with older ages, and their serum phosphate levels were elevated by 26.96%, with the percentage of hyperphosphatemic patients increased from 2.30% to 37.61%. Moreover, the percentage of patients with hypermagnesemia rose from 4.6% to 22.93%. In contrast, the calcium was reduced by 9.69%, with the hypocalcemic patients raised from 37.93% to 81.65%. The serum potassium was significantly (P < 0.001) elevated, with the hyperkalemic patients increased to 28.44%. The serum phosphate, magnesium and potassium showed significant positive correlations with creatinine, whereas, calcium showed a negative correlation. Moreover, the magnesium showed significant positive correlations with phosphate and potassium, but not with calcium or sodium. levation of serum phosphate may start from as early as stage 3 and turns into hyperphosphatemia at stage 5, with a strong correlation between magnesium and phosphate. Thus, management of Mg and Phosphate levels from earlier stages of the disease can prevent vascular calcification. Moreover, restriction of dietary potassium intake can prevent the development of hyperkalemia.