The disturbed serum mineral profiles in chronic kidney disease patients from Hail Region, Saudi Arabia.
The disturbed serum mineral profiles in chronic kidney disease patients from Hail Region, Saudi Arabia.
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Date
2025-04
Authors
Abdelgayoum Ahmed Abdel-gayoum
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Publisher
Napata College
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients experience disturbed serum minerals concentrations.
This study aims to investigate the serum minerals profile in CKD, and the possible causes for the
disturbances.
The study was conducted at King Khalid hospital, Hail, Saudi Arabia. Clinical data of 276 CKD
patients with results of serum calcium, phosphate, magnesium and potassium levels were
included. The patients were distributed into 5 groups according to their estimated glomerular
filtration rate. Statistical analysis was conducted by single ANOVA and regression analysis.
The majority of group 5 patients were male with older ages, and their serum phosphate levels
were elevated by 26.96%, with the percentage of hyperphosphatemic patients increased from
2.30% to 37.61%. Moreover, the percentage of patients with hypermagnesemia rose from 4.6%
to 22.93%. In contrast, the calcium was reduced by 9.69%, with the hypocalcemic patients raised
from 37.93% to 81.65%. The serum potassium was significantly (P < 0.001) elevated, with the
hyperkalemic patients increased to 28.44%. The serum phosphate, magnesium and potassium
showed significant positive correlations with creatinine, whereas, calcium showed a negative
correlation. Moreover, the magnesium showed significant positive correlations with phosphate
and potassium, but not with calcium or sodium.
levation of serum phosphate may start from as early as stage 3 and turns into
hyperphosphatemia at stage 5, with a strong correlation between magnesium and phosphate.
Thus, management of Mg and Phosphate levels from earlier stages of the disease can prevent
vascular calcification. Moreover, restriction of dietary potassium intake can prevent the
development of hyperkalemia.
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