Physiology
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- ItemRelationship of Body Mass Index with Blood Pressure Levels Among Sudanese Adults Living in Khartoum State(Medwell, 2020)The blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) has been found to increase with increased weight. This relationship is well advocated in many solid researches around the world. However, the relationship does not account to a cause and effect relation, the increment in the body weight may only raise the risk of increasing blood pressure. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the body mass index and blood pressure levels in healthy Sudanese population residing in Khartoum state. A cross sectional study was conducted during July-August, 2016 in Khartoum state on a sample size of 200 subjects adult males/females of ages between 20-60 years and who were not known to be hypertensive. All the participants were assessed by a questionnaire covering age, gender, physical activity, daily salt intake and smoking history. Blood pressure was measured using the manual sphygmomanometer. Weight was measure using the standard scale. BMI was calculated according to the formula Weight (kg)/[height (m)]2. Correlations between the variables were estimated and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. There is a significant positive relationship between the BMI and the systolic blood pressure (p = 0.01), the statistical analysis also showed a significant positive relationship between the BMI and the diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.01). This study has demonstrated that the association between the body mass index and the blood pressure is significant. However, further studies on a larger sample size is required, so as to establish a mathematical formula to predict the blood pressure given the body mass index. There is positive correlation between systolic, diastolic blood pressure and BMI. Increased blood pressure was seen in individuals with higher BMI when compared with individuals with lower BMI.
- ItemNormal values of Hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) in nondiabetic adults(2017-10)Background:At present, there are no studies done to investigate the normal values of Hb A1c in Sudanese population. The level of Hb A1c for Sudanese population is borrowed from international references. Objectives: The objective of this article is to investigate the normallevels of Hb A1c, and the factors that may affect its value. Methods: Extensive internet search has been done on research regarding the normal values of Hemoglobin A1c and factors affecting themin non-diabetic Adults. Result: Normal level of Hb A1cobtained from all previous studies showed a value of 3.6% as minimum and 6.5 % as maximum value. Significant racial/ethnic differences in Hb A1clevelswere observed;these differences are significantly higher in people fromAfrican descent than inCaucasians. Discussion: Hb A1cis influenced by many risk factors; these include BMI,physical activity, age, ethnicity, diet and smoking. Conclusion: Normal level of Hb A1c from all previous studies showed a value of 3.6% as minimum and 6.5 % as maximum value and seemed to be affected by many risk factors.
- ItemLocked-in Syndrome: Introduction, Overview and Literature Review(2022)The following is a review article discussing a syndrome so rare that we infrequently study, discuss or acknowledge its existence. With that being said, we also challenge the previous statement by proposing en masse misdiagnosis of the condition in healthcare facilities.
- ItemFatal familial insomnia(2018-02)The genetic scope of diseases is getting wider every day. With the advancement of knowledge and the ever growing entanglement between different branches of science, the diagnosis of prion-caused diseases is becoming easy. However, the devastating outcome of these diseases such as the eventual death in the case of FFI is not. Rare as it may be, FFI is just as dangerous as any other disease; this is mainly due to its fatal outcome. FFI is an autosomal dominant prion disease; the mutation is in the protein gene (PRNP) D178N/129.According to our knowledge, no cases have been reported in Sudan. This may be explained by the misdiagnosis as the symptoms are shared by many neurological diseases.
- ItemEffect of physical activity status and dietary habits on pulmonary functions(2019-11-21)Background: There is a widely recognized fact that people who are more physically active and have healthy dietary habits tend to have a higher degree of fitness and physical activity that can promote respiratory health, which increases the efficiency of pulmonary function. Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of physical activity, physical inactivity, and dietary habits on pulmonary function. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed during the period from August to December 2017, at the Faculty of Medicine, Omdurman Al-Ahlia University, Omdurman, Sudan. The study included 207 medical students (100 males–107 females) between the ages of 15 and 25 years. The smoker and the asthmatic were excluded. Pulmonary function test (PFT) was measured by using digital portable spirometer and peak flowmeter instruments. Arab Teens Lifestyle Study questionnaire was used for the determination of physical activity status and dietary habits. Results: Data analysis showed that PFT parameters were statistically significantly higher in males than females (p-value 0.000). PFT parameters were significantly higher in active subjects (p-value 0.003), while the physical inactivity does not affect the PFT parameters. In addition, PFT parameters were significantly positively correlated with many physical activity types. PFT parameters were significantly negatively correlated with many foods stuff. PFT parameters were significantly positively correlated to height, weight, sum of metabolic equivalent, and age. Conclusion: Our study concluded that physical activity and regular exercise improve the pulmonary function, and sedentary lifestyle has no direct effect on pulmonary function. Foodstuff with high fiber content was better than low fiber content for pulmonary function.