Medicine
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- ItemA look into the correlation between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and physical activity(International Journal of Research Publications (IJRP.ORG), 2022)Depression is an issue that faces humanity. It carries a high suicide rate as well as a very high morbidity rate. Combating depression is a deed that is bestowed upon metal health workers. A plethora of approaches to depression exist. Many of them being pharmaceutical in nature. The authors of this paper understand that these options are not always available to everyone and, ergo, decided to conduct a review article which explores the effects of exercise on depression. This research has showed that physical activity has significant positive effects on mental health in general (namely, depression and anxiety). This effect seems rather comparable to that of SSRIs. This is of importance as it illustrates the need for the immediate implementation of physical activity in their treatment modules to combat depression in our mental health institutes.
- ItemThe Reference Ranges for Lymphocytes Subsets of Healthy Adults individuals by Immunophenotyping.(2014-03-08)Introduction and aims: Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry is the most advance and accurate technique for differentiation between lymphocyte sub populations of B and T cells. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed to establish the normal reference ranges for several lymphocyte sub-populations of healthy adult Sudanese: (CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD19). Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood samples (n = 100) were collected from healthy adult Sudanese from Khartoum State, Sudan. Their mean age was (31± 13) years ranged from (18 to 80) years, and their sex ratio male to females was (1:1). The hematological parameters of them were analyzed by hematology analyzer (Sysmex). The flow cytometry was used to determine percentages and absolute count (cell/μl) of CD3, CD4, CD8 T cells and CD19 B cell. SPSS version 16 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The percentages and mean absolute count (cell/μl) of lymphocytes and lymphocyte sub-populations were obtained as follows: lymphocytes (35.8% ± 7.3 ; 2120.1 ± 652), CD3 (58.9% ± 14.7 ; 1242 ± 481), CD4 (35.9 % ± 20.1% ; 761 ± 315), CD8 ( 18.1% ± 11.1% ; 425 ± 195), CD19 (9.8% ± 5.4%; 214 ± 141). The CD4/CD8 ratio was found to be (1.98 ± 0.85). Conclusion: there was no significant difference according to sex and age in different CD values obtained.
- ItemEvaluation of bio-insecticidal capacity of datura (Datura stramonium L.) leaves and flowers using GC-MS and phytochemical techniques(2022-04-04)The widespread use of synthetic insecticides has led to many negative consequences, resulting in increasing attention to natural products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bio-insecticidal capacity of Datura stramonium leaves and flowers using GC-MS and phytochemical techniques and also mosquito's larvae as bioindicators. The phytochemical screening and the biological effect tests were run at Basic Sciences Laboratories, whereas GC-MS applications were run at the Central Laboratory, University of Gezira. The results showed that, Datura leaves contained saponnins, alkaloids, tannins but the flowers contained also flavonoids and steroids. 14 compounds were detected from Datura leaves ethanol extracts of which Butanol, 3-methyl is the main component (79.76%) followed by Toluene (6.14%) and Phytol (3.9%), while that of the flowers detected also 14 compounds of which formic acid, 3-methylbut-2-yl ester is the main component (82.22%). The ethanol extract of Datura leaves reflected LC50 of: 844.43 mg/L, against Cx. quiquefasciatus larvae, while that of the flowers was 636.62 mg/L. The ethanol extract of Datura leaves, after one week, left no survived Anopheles or Culex larvae, whereas, 10% of Aedes larvae were survived. The ethanol extract of Datura flowers, after one week, left no survived Anopheles or Culex or Aedes larvae, but some were developed to pupae. Field assessment should be run to evaluate the impact on the aquatic predators.
- ItemEvaluation of bio-insecticidal capacity of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) plants using GC-MS and phytochemical techniques(2022-03-25)Plant-based pesticides are gaining attention as safe, effective, eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bio-insecticidal capacity of Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) plants using GC-MS and phytochemical techniques and also mosquito's larvae as bioindicators. The phytochemical screening and the biological effect tests were run at Basic Sciences Laboratories, whereas GC-MS applications were run at the Central Laboratory, University of Gezira. The results showed that, Cannabis seeds contained flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids, and separated 5 spots through TLC. The GC-MS tests of Cannabis seeds detected Dronabinol (41.46%) as the main component, followed by Cannabinol (10.38%), Phytol (2.86%), Vitamin E (2.27%) and Caryophylene (2.07%). The ethanol extract of Cannabis seeds reflected LC50 of 218.1 mg/L, after 24. The more potent spot of Cannabis seeds was (3) against Anopheles larvae, but only spot (4) was more potent against Culex larvae and spot (5) against Aedes larvae. After one week of submission to Cannabis seed ethanol extract, the survived Anopheles larvae was 6.7%, while no survived Culex larvae, whereas 13.3% of Aedes larvae survived. Field assessment should be run to evaluate the sustainability of this products.
- ItemDetermination of some nutrient minerals in the meats of three species of fishes brought from the Blue Nile and the White Nile, Sudan(2022-04-11)Various fish species are found in fish-markets that trigger the need to evaluate the quality of various fish meat products to answer the consumer needs. This study evaluated some mineral elements in the meats of Baiad (B), Tilapia (T) and Nile Perch (NP) fish species. These fish species were brought from the fish market of Wad Medani City (Blue Nile Fishes; BN), and from Kosti fish market (White Nile Fishes; WN). The preparation of fish meat-ashes and the determination of minerals (through Atomic Absorption), were run in the Food Analysis Laboratory, and the Central Laboratory - University of Gezira. The results showed high concentration of Cu element in WN samples was high in B-meat (0.434 mg/L) and in BN sample in T-meat (0.115 mg/L). Mn element in WN samples was high in B-meat (0.282 mg/L) and in BN sample in T-meat (0.292 mg/L). Fe (0.788 mg/L) and Zn (0.950 mg/L) elements were high in NP-meat of WN, while Fe (3.261 mg/L) and Zn (5.123 mg/L) were high in B-meat of BN. WN samples were highly contaminated with Pb which was about 24-folds more than the maximum tolerable limit (0.025 mg/L), while BN samples were still about third that standard. It was cleared that, BN fish samples were relatively rich in Fe and Zn, while WN samples were relatively rich in Cu and Mn elements.The contamination of fish meat of WN with Pb should be seriously studied, and the meat quality of all fish species should be determined.