Pharmacy

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Browsing Pharmacy by Author "Ahmed Mustafa Khidir"

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    ASPARTAME SWEETENER
    (2020) Ali Awadallah Saeed; Ahmed Mustafa Khidir
    Artificial sweeteners have increasingly become an area of controversy in the world of food and nutrition. Consumers are oftenly barraged with a number of contradictory opinions and reports regarding the safety and efficacy of sweeteners. Artificial sweetener consumption may cause migraines or headache, skin eruptions, muscle dysfunction, depression, weight gain, liver and kidney effects, multiple sclerosis and blurred vision. On the other hand natural sweeteners like stevia and its products are safe and do not cause any health problem. Therefore, it is important for the consumer to choose sweeteners with great care. Aspartame (APM)) is composed of methyl ester of the dipeptideL-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine with molecular weight of 294.3 and a source of 4 kcal/g of energy (Food and Drug Administration, 2006).
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    ASSESSMENT OF RATIONAL USE OF ASTHMA MEDICATIONS AMONG ASTHMATIC PATIENTS IN BAHRI AND ALSHAAB TEACHING HOSPITALS
    (2019) Hala Tajelsir Ahmed; Hassan Mohamed Ali; Sahar Mamoun Mohamed Ali; Ali Awad Allah Ali Moh. Saeed; Ahmed Mustafa Khidir; Mohammed Jalalaldin
    Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. It is usually characterized by shortness of breath, chest tightness, wheezing and coughing. Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess rational use of asthma medications among asthmatic patients in two teaching hospitals. Method: A descriptive cross sectional hospital based study, data was collected during October and November 2014, using close-ended questionnaire included demographic data of patients, question to assess clinical control of asthma, clinical indication regarding inhaled corticosteroid preventer therapy, adherence to treatment, regular review, and PMDI technique assessment. Data was analyzed using statistic package for social sciences (SPSS-V15) and Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: The result obtained showed that, asthma symptoms was uncontrolled in 60.35%, ICS is indicated for 76.4, 45.8% were regular users of ICS, 35.5% have regular review, 19.8% have correctly performed full PMDI technique and 41.3% of the studied sample performs the entire essential steps of inhaler technique correctly. Conclusion: Asthma is uncontrolled among the studied sample, lack of optimal medication use and regular review and PMDI is widely miss used by asthmatics in this study.
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    ASSESSMENT ORTHOPEDIC PATIENTS AT HIGH RISK FOR VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM DESPITE THROMBOPROPHYLAXIS IN MILITARY HOSPITAL
    (2019) Ahmed Alamin Kazzam; Ahmed Mustafa Khidir; Ali Awad Allah Ali Moh. Saeed
    Introduction: Venous thromboembolism, including both deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is an important complication of major orthopedic surgery, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A variety of factors related to the clinical setting and patient influence the risk of venous thromboembolism in orthopedic surgery patients. Objective: To assess orthopedic patients at high risk for venous thromboembolism despite thromboprophylaxis in military hospital. To evaluate risk factors for venous thromboembolism, Prevalence, Risk factors, Doses, Interaction, role of the clinical pharmacists, type of anticoagulation used, Compliance and Cost effectives. Material and method: This study was carried in military hospital Omdurman by a questionnaire for patients in December 2013 – January 2014 Study was conducted among Patients in risk of DVT in military hospital in Khartoum state. A pre designed and tested questionnaire were used for collect the data. Results: 40% from the patient’s undergone orthopedic surgeries were in age above 60 years, while 35% from patients were aged between 30-60 years. 76% from the patients were male while 73% from the patients were married. 97% from the patients were governmental employed. About their residence, 64% from the patients were rural. More than half from patients (67%), the orthopedic surgery was hip arthoplasty. The majority from the patients (82%) have surgical factors while 9% from the patients have patient’s related factors and the remaining have the both. 42% from patient has undergone orthopedic surgery, the thrombophrophylaxis drug given to them for less than 14 days. In the study, 38% from them the prophylaxis done by aspirin only while 4% done by physical prophylaxis (elastic stoking) and enoxaparin and this regimen does not match the guidelines. Only 52% from the orthopedic surgeries patients were given enoxaparin as thromboprophylactic agent, which matches the guidelines. Conclusion: Despite the availability of effective thromboprophylaxis, the prevention of venous thromboembolism in orthopedic surgery patients remains an important clinical problem. Because the increased risk of venous thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery can persist for several weeks, and discontinuation of anticoagulation therapy can lead to a second wave of thromboembolic complications, extended-duration thromboprophylaxis may be required during this period. Accurate prediction of thromboembolic risk in orthopedic patients should also facilitate the appropriate use of extended-duration thromboprophylaxis, thereby reducing the burden of venous thromboembolism. Improved risk-assessment models are therefore required to identify patients who will benefit from extended-duration thromboprophylaxis. The higher a patients risk of VTE, the greater the reliance on pharmacologic prophylaxis.
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    AWARENESS OF INTERACTIONS OF NSAIDS WITH SOME DISEASES AMONG PHARMACISTS IN KHARTOUM STATE
    (2019) Fahad Gasim Alsiddig Alabass; Ahmed Mustafa Khidir; Ali Awad Allah Ali Moh. Saeed
    Introduction: Drug- Disease interactions may cause deterioration in the patient’s clinical status, resulting in additional treatment, hospitalization, and/ or an extended hospital stay. NSAIDs inhibit the enzymatic production of prostaglandins. In Sudan and prescribing are more than other drugs or may be used routinely by more patient by them self without sufficient know –how the effect of (NSAIDs) if they have other diseases e.g., Asthma, gastrointestinal upset (peptic ulcer). Objectives: To assess the extent of awareness of drug-diseases interactions of NSAIDs among Pharmacists and Doctors in Khartoum state pharmacies and hospitals. Materials and methods this study was conducted in Khartoum state pharmacies and hospitals during the period of May to 15Th October 2011, it is cross-sectional study. Sample size 120 of pharmacists and 50 doctors working in Khartoum state hospitals will be selected randomly. Structured pre tested questionnaire will be developed to collect the data. Moreover, the information was collected from books, international journals. BNF and scientific websites. The analyzing of data using SPSS program. Results: 76% of doctor expected that there will be drug-drug or drug-disease interaction between asthmatic patients and NSAIDs. 75.5% from the pharmacists stated that NSAIDs may interact with asthmatic patients by worsening the asthma. 91.67% of doctors expected that there will be drug-disease interaction between ulcerative patients and NSAIDs. 88% stated that the interaction by increasing gastric acid secretion and worsening of the ulcer in these patients. 55.5% from the doctors did not ask the patients about the period of using NSAIDs when they come to take NSAIDs. Conclusion: More than half of the practicing pharmacists and medical doctors are aware about the interaction between NSAIDs and asthma, hypertension and patients having ulcer. Unfortunately in spit of that, they dispense and prescribe NSAIDs to these patients respectively. Half of the doctors did not ask the patients about the period of using NSAIDs when they come for treatment. Half of the pharmacists are reluctant to ask the patients about the medical history when they are taking NSAIDs.
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    AWARENESS OF PHARMACISTS TOWARDS ASPARTAME SIDE EFFECTS IN KHARTOUM CITY, SUDAN
    (2020-07-15) Musab Hassan Dafaalla; Ahmed Mustafa Khidir; Eiman Abubakr Osman; Ali Awadallah Saeed; Mohamed A. Mousnad
    Objective: Aspartame (or APM) is the name for an artificial, non-saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute in many foods and beverages. Aspartame is the methyl ester of a phenylalanine/aspartic acid dipeptide. Aspartame is an artificial sweetener. It is 200 times sweeter than sugar in typical concentrations, without the high-energy value of sugar. Aim of current study was to study the awareness of pharmacists about aspartame side effects. Materials and methods: This study was carried in greater Khartoum, questionnaire for pharmacists to see the consumption and the awareness of them to these interactions during the period from September 2014 to November 2014.Study was conducted among practicing pharmacists. A pre designed and tested questionnaire were used for each category to collect the data. From the hospitals manager. Results: 32% were aware of the number of aspartame products. Pharmacists when asked how many patients purchase aspartame products per day, answers showed that 74.5% ranged between 1-10 patients per day, About pharmacist’s expectations to develop side effects due to aspartame, use regularly showed that 75% agreed that it would. pharmacists claimed that aspartame can or worsen a certain list of some diseases in which that diabetes represented 30%, Alzheimer’s 28% , attention deficit disorder 17.3% , psychological disorders. Conclusion: The majority of community pharmacists expect side effects can be developed due to aspartame regular use by patients but majority didn’t know what are the exact side effects and the exact diseases that can be worsened when using aspartame.
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    GLUTATHIONE PEPTIDE
    (2020) Ahmed Mustafa Khidir; Ali Awadallah Saeed
    In this review article would selected and talk in some sides related to Glutathione and highlights the some points as general. Glutathione (γ- glutamyl-cysteinylglycine) is an endogenous peptide with antioxidant plays many useful functions in human body and therefore determination of this small molecule is very important for present-day medicine and pharmacy. General multiple functions of GSH A. Reducing agent, antioxidant B. Detoxification of xenobiotic C. Metabolic regulation. GSH levels in human tissues normally range from 0.1 to 10 millimolar (mM). Glutathione plays a central role in the maintenance of tissue antioxidant defenses and in the regulation of redox sensitive signal transduction. Glutathione transferases (GST) are essentially known as enzymes that catalyze