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Browsing Medical Sciences by Author "Adil Abu-Elmaali"

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    Chronic Kidney Disease in Police Forces Households in Khartoum, Sudan: Pilot Report
    (2009-05) Hasan Abu-Aisha; Elwaleed AM Elhassan; Ammar Hasan Khamis; Adil Abu-Elmaali
    Introduction: In the Police Forces Hypertension, Diabetes, Renal Insufficiency and Thyroid Derangement (HyDRIT) pilot study we explored the prevalence, risk factors, awareness, treatment adequacy and complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other non-communicable diseases among adult Police Forces households in two housing complexes in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: Serum creatinine measurements and urine dipstick testing were performed for 273 individuals. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the standardized Cockroft-Gault and the four variable MDRD formulas. CKD was defined as an estimated GFR of less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2 and/or proteinuria. Results: The overall prevalence of CKD was 11% (30/273) using the standardized Cockroft-Gault equation and 7.7% (21/273) using the four variable MDRD equation. According to the standardized Cockroft-Gault formula, 14 subjects had reduced GFR with negative urine dipstick testing, two subjects had both proteinuria and reduced GFR, and 14 subjects had proteinuria without reduction in GFR. None of those subjects was aware of his kidney problem. According to the standardized Cockroft-Gault formula, 14 of the identified CKD cases were hypertensive (46.7%); eight of them (57.1%) had a prior diagnosis of hypertension but none achieved therapeutic targets. Four of the identified CKD cases were diabetic (13.3%), three of whom had a prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus with reasonably controlled blood sugar levels. Only age above 50 years and low educational level proved to be independent risk factors for CKD in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD in the study population seems to be comparable to other countries.
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    Hypertension and obesity in police forces households in Khartoum, Sudan: A pilot report - part of the "Police Forces Hypertension, Diabetes, Renal Insufficiency, and Thyroid Derangements (HyDRIT) Study", Sudan)
    (2008-01) Hasan Abu-Aisha; Elwaleed AM Elhassan; Ammar Hassan Khamis; Adil Abu-Elmaali
    Premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases could be prevented by the effective control of hypertension (HTN). Excess weight is associated with increased rate of death from all-causes. Nationwide data for the status of hypertension and excess weight in the Sudanese population are not available. All the consenting 426 inhabitants of two police housing-complexes were included. Blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measurements as well as blood samples were taken. Standard interviewing procedures were used to record medical history, socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics. The data was analysed through univariate and multivariate regressions. The overall prevalence of hypertension (based on two BP measurements) was 27%. Less than a third (29.8%) of the hypertensive subjects were aware of their disease. Pharmacotherapy among those aware of their disease was prescribed in 94.1%. However, 59.4% of them were compliant with their prescribed medicines and 28.1% attained effective BP control. Prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in older individuals (> 50 years of age), overweight (body mass index, (BMI) > 25) and those who had better education (> 10 years of schooling). The cumulative prevalence of overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) was 30% while that for obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was 19.2%. Abdominal obesity was observed in 19.5% of males and 46.2% of females. Overweight subjects were more than twice likely to be hypertensive than their non-overweight counterparts (odds ratio 2.33 [1.49-3.64]). In the sample examined, the prevalence of hypertension and excess weight seemed to be comparable to other countries; this makes them a public health priority.