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A look into the correlation between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and physical activity
(International Journal of Research Publications (IJRP.ORG), 2022) Hassan I. Osman; Shahd Salaheldeen
Depression is an issue that faces humanity. It carries a high suicide rate as well as a very high morbidity rate. Combating depression is a deed that is bestowed upon metal health workers. A plethora of approaches to depression exist. Many of them being pharmaceutical in nature. The authors of this paper understand that these options are not always available to everyone and, ergo, decided to conduct a review article which explores the effects of exercise on depression. This research has showed that physical activity has significant positive effects on mental health in general (namely, depression and anxiety). This effect seems rather comparable to that of SSRIs. This is of importance as it illustrates the need for the immediate implementation of physical activity in their treatment modules to combat depression in our mental health institutes.
A rare diagnostic case of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
(Science Progress and Research, 2021-12-22) Mujahed Nooraldaem Mirghani Adam; Mohammed NooraldaemMirghani Adam; Alkhair Abd Almahmoud Idris; Ali Seedahmed Mohamed Ali; Ismail Osman Khalid
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma is a malignancy of mature T-cells. A 45 years old Sudanese female with generalized lymphadenomegalyreferred from Tayba hospital to Al-tayseer reference medical centre in histopathology and cytology laboratory department (Sudan) for her lymph node histopathology analysis. A surgical lymph node biopsy for histopathology analysis stained by H&E was performed and sections showed effacement of normal architecture of lymph node with disappearance of follicles and germinal center composed of polymorphic infiltrate of small tumour cells and large tumour cells. The small tumour cells showed irregular nuclei and clear cytoplasm. In this case report, we state that the delay of diagnosis was mainly a consequence of an insufficient clinical history, which led to an incomplete histological analysis, delay of reporting and need for second opinions for interpretation.
A review on SARS-CoV-2: the origin, taxonomy, transmission, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, treatment and prophylaxis
(GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020-06-11) Hilmi Zahir Abbas; Aloufi Bandar H; Ibrahim Husam MA
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 that infects the respiratory system. COVID-19 started in Wuhan, south China, in December 2019, and spread to all other parts of the world. SARS-CoV-2 has +ssRNA genome (29,844bp) enclosed in an enveloped capsule (60 to 140 nm) and showing high genome homology (96%) with coronavirus of its potential natural reservoir Horseshoe bats. Two types of SARS-CoV-2 were detected: type L (70%) and type S (30%). SARS-CoV-2 spikes have very high binding affinity with all cells expressing ACE2 receptor. Nasal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage samples were used by reverse transcriptase rtPCR for detection of SARS-CoV-2. ELISA can detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies five days post infection. COVID-19 infection is confirmed by clinical signs and symptoms and CT thoracic images. Patients typically present with fever (87.3%), cough (58.1%), dyspnea (38.3%), muscle soreness or fatigue (35.5%), chest distress (31.2%) and expectoration (29.4%). The fatality rate of the infection approaches 7%. Hundreds of lungs micro clots were reported to occur causing heart failure and death. Fatal consequences were reported in older patients and those with chronic diseases. There is no specific medicine, but supportive treatment and anticoagulants are in use. Chloroquine and azithromycin have fatal consequences in 50% of patients, while Remdesivir did not show significant clinical or antiviral effects. Plasma convalescence clear the infection within three days. There is no vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 due to its mutations. Social isolation and countries lockdown measures exert catastrophic negative impact on health and economy worldwide.
A review on SARS-CoV-2: the origin, taxonomy, transmission, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, treatment and prophylaxis
(2020-01-11) Hilmi Zahir Abbas; Aloufi Bandar H; Ibrahim Husam MA
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 that infects the respiratory system. COVID-19 started in Wuhan, south China, in December 2019, and spread to all other parts of the world. SARS-CoV-2 has +ssRNA genome (29,844bp) enclosed in an enveloped capsule (60 to 140 nm) and showing high genome homology (96%) with coronavirus of its potential natural reservoir Horseshoe bats. Two types of SARS-CoV-2 were detected: type L (70%) and type S (30%). SARS-CoV-2 spikes have very high binding affinity with all cells expressing ACE2 receptor. Nasal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage samples were used by reverse transcriptase rtPCR for detection of SARS-CoV-2. ELISA can detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies five days post infection. COVID-19 infection is confirmed by clinical signs and symptoms and CT thoracic images. Patients typically present with fever (87.3%), cough (58.1%), dyspnea (38.3%), muscle soreness or fatigue (35.5%), chest distress (31.2%) and expectoration (29.4%). The fatality rate of the infection approaches 7%. Hundreds of lungs micro clots were reported to occur causing heart failure and death. Fatal consequences were reported in older patients and those with chronic diseases. There is no specific medicine, but supportive treatment and anticoagulants are in use. Chloroquine and azithromycin have fatal consequences in 50% of patients, while Remdesivir did not show significant clinical or antiviral effects. Plasma convalescence clear the infection within three days. There is no vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 due to its mutations. Social isolation and countries lockdown measures exert catastrophic negative impact on health and economy worldwide.
Active Tuberculous Infection among Adult Sudanese Patients on Long Term Peritoneal Dialysis
(2012-09) Hasan Abu-Aisha; Mazin Shigidi; Nazik Farouk; Ramy Ibrahim Abulikailik; Rabab Tag Alsir
Introduction: The prevalence of tuberculosis in Sudan is 209 cases per 100,000 populations. There are no reports available regarding the prevalence of tuberculosis among the end-stage kidney disease and dialysis populations. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all adults who were on peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the Sudan Peritoneal Dialysis Program, during the period from June 2005 to December 2011. Those diagnosed as having active tuberculous infections were retrospectively studied regarding their demography, clinical presentation and outcomes. Results: Out of 350 patients in our program, 19 were diagnosed as having active tuberculosis (5.4%). All patients were diagnosed during their first year on peritoneal dialysis, 74% were males; the mean age was 37 ± 11 years, extrapulmonary tuberculosis was seen in 16/19 (84%) patients and it was abdominal in nine of the 16 (47%) patients. In addition to high clinical suspicion, the diagnosis of active tuberculosis was supported by tissue biopsy findings in 16%, positive polymerase chain reaction in 26%, exudative ascites with suggestive radiological features in 21%, strongly positive tuberculin test in 21% and a favourable response to empirical antituberculous therapy in 26% of patients. HIV test was negative in all 19 patients and only one patient tested positive for hepatitis B viral infection. Antituberculous drugs side effects were seen in 68% of patients. Forty seven percent of patients showed complete recovery and continued on peritoneal dialysis. Our case fatality was 32%. Conclusion: Abdominal tuberculosis is common among PD patients and its diagnosis should always be considered in suspected patients.
Alien Hand Syndrome: Introduction, l iterature review and overview
(Napata College, 2022) Hassan I. Osman; Rudaina I. Osman
Few disorders/syndromes are surrounded by as much mystery as Aline Hand Syndrome (AHS) – a rare neurological disorder of connection which ergo results in misinterpretation and a loss of ownership of a limb (usually upper). In this paper, we aim to bring forth enough light on AHS so that more clinicians can correctly diagnose AHS, research efforts increase and awareness. It is, undoubtedly, misdiagnosed en masse on a daily basis as a result of our failure to properly introduce it in medical literature. A phenomenon of which we have a fair amount of understanding, yet have yet to teach it in medical references. In our search for AHS in medical references, we came across a total of only 1 reference which discussed AHS. It is important that we note that the number of references we searched was 16 and that these were well-known references which medical students and practitioners read on a daily basis all around the globe.
An overview of aortic stenosis (AS): what we know and when should we intervene?
(International Journal of Research, 2021) Rudaina I. Osman; Hassan I. Osman; MBBS
Introduction: A condition in which there is a continuous state of fibrosis, thickening as well as calcification of the leaflets that’ll eventually impede the amount of blood reaching the heart, which, if left untreated/maltreated, will eventually lead to death (1). AS does not only have an impact on the aforementioned valve, but on the LV and the entirety of the systemic vasculature (2). The most commonly encountered heart valve lesion, AS is believed to affect 2- 5% of older adults (3). It is estimated that 4-7% of individuals aged 65 years or older have been diagnosed with severe AS (3). Etiology of AS: It is believed that there are 3 major causes of AS, these are: 1) Degenerative (Calcific), 2) Rheumatic (4,5), and 3) Congenital Clinical Manifestations & Underlying Etiology: First articulated in 1968 by Ross and Braunwald (8), it is now commonly accepted amongst professionals that the development of symptoms (such as exertional dyspnea, angina, and syncope) is a poor prognostic sign as it clearly signifies left ventricular decompensation (1,8). Diagnosis: The diagnosis of calcific aortic stenosis is initially suspected if a systolic ejection murmur is present; be that as it may, the clinically significant question is normally whether the aortic stenosis is to be classified as ‘severe’ (5). The three most useful signs when it comes to diagnosing severe aortic stenosis are: 1) Late peaking systolic murmur, 2) Single second heart sound or paradoxical splitting of S2, and 3) ‘cooing’ murmur (5). Current guideline-recommended treatment strategies and their limitations: In a general sense, contemporary clinical rules suggest aortic valve intervention when stenosis seriousness is considered extreme and there is confirmation of left ventricular decompensation, via the direct even-handed or proxy representative measures (1). Conclusion: Aortic stenosis is a common cardiac disease that is of the upmost importance, deserves our undivided attention, and a crucial part in decreasing any morbidity and mortality is generally through a very careful follow-up. The gold standard investigation for suspected cases is echocardiography (5), currently the only treatment available would be a valve replacement therapy which is proven to have a good outcome and increases the patient’s life span (4). In asymptomatic patients on the other hand aortic valve replacement is considered only after symptoms have developed or if the exercise test results are worrying (4,14). We are hoping that in the future there’ll be more treatment options available that would suit the different ages and health statuses of the patients. Recommendations: 1) The initiation, funding, and publication of further studies on AS, ergo permitting for decreased morbidity and mortality, 2)The initiation of awareness programs amongst the public that would result in a decreased likelihood of lifestyle-caused AS, 3) The initiation of awareness programs amongst the public that would result in patients being overall better surgical candidates if it must take place, 4) The initiation of nation-wide (in Sudan and elsewhere around the world) geriatric services that would result in the monitoring of those most likely to fall ill with AS.
Angiotensin 1-7: A Second Window of Protection in Hypertensive Patients
(2019-04-18) Mazin Salaheldin Abdalla Mohamed; Muntaser Ibrahim; Muhanad S. Abdelwhab
The effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on the human body are so diverse and our knowledge about them is ever growing. Angiotensin 1-7 has been proven to play protective roles in patients with cardiovascular disorders including but not limited to hypertension. As is the case with Africa, the prevalence of hypertension in Sudan is rising, and its complications could be delayed by pharmacologically manipulating the levels of renin-angiotensin system metabolites. The aim of this review is to compare the advantageous and deleterious effects of Angiotensin 2 in contrast to those of Angiotensin 1-7 and to assert the well-established protective effects of Angiotensin 1-7 (systemically and locally) in hypertensive patients
Aquaporin 5 promotes tumor migration and angiogenesis in non‑small cell lung cancer cell line H1299
(Elkhider, 2020-01-07) Abdalkhalig Elkhider; Bing Wang; Xunli Ouyang; Mahmoud AL‑Azab; Williams Walana; Xiaotong Sun; Han Li; Yawei Tang; Jing Wei; Xia Li
Non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes the majority of all lung‑cancer cases. Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) may be involved in NSCLC by promoting lung‑cancer initiation and progression. The present study aimed to determine the role of AQP5 in migration and angiogenesis using NSCLC cells and HUVECs. AQPs 1, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9 were screened in the NSCLC cell line H1299, and the present results showed that AQP5 mRNA was upregulated compared with the other AQP genes. At the protein level, AQP5 was significantly increased in H1299 cells compared with 16HBE cells. AQP5 knockdown in H1299 cells significantly decreased cell migration compared with untransfected cells, as demonstrated by both Transwell and wound closure assays. The present study further investigated H1299 ability to promote HUVEC vascularisation. The supernatants of both transfected and untransfected H1299 cells were used as conditioned medium for HUVECs, and tube formation was measured. The supernatant of AQP5‑downregulated cells exhibited significantly low tube formation potential compared with untransfected cells. Similarly, vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly increased in control cells (si‑NC) compared with cells transfected with small interfering RNA targeting AQP5. The present study found that AQP5 downregulation significantly decreased the phosphorylation level of epidermal growth factor receptor and the activity of the ERK1/2 pathway. In summary, the present study suggested that AQP5 influenced migration and angiogenesis in NSCLCs in vitro and may potentially exhibit similar in vivo effects.
Arabic Translation, Adaptation, and Validation of The Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short-Form 36
(Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, 2019) Hasan Abu-Aisha; Sarra Elamin; Abdelbagi H. E. Elbasher; Shima E. E. Ali
The Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form 36 (KDQOL-36) is a self-reported measure of health for patients with chronic kidney disease. Our goal was to develop an Arabic version of KDQOL-36 that is linguistically and conceptually equivalent to the original English version. We translated KDQOL-36 into formal Arabic language using forward and backward translation. To assess conceptual equivalence, we administered the Arabic and English versions simultaneously to a group of 10 bilingual patients. To assess test–re-test reliability, we administered the instrument twice to a group of 10 hemodialysis (HD) patients. To assess internal reliability, convergent validity, and discriminate validity, we administered the instrument to 62 HD patients and 82 kidney transplant patients asking them to simultaneously fill the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the Arabic and English versions indicated excellent conceptual equivalence. The ICC between test and re-test scores revealed good reliability in the burden of kidney disease subscale and excellent reliability in the remaining four subscales. The translated version of KDQOL-36 had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.81, indicating good internal reliability. We found significant negative correlations between the five subscales of the instrument and DASS-21, indicating good convergent validity. Kidney transplant recipients had significantly better scores than HD patients in the five subscales of the instrument, indicating excellent discriminate validity. The current Arabic version of KDQOL-36 has excellent conceptual equivalence with the original English version. It is a reliable and valid instrument for Arab kidney disease patients.
Assessment of Sex knowledge and Sexual Education of Sudanese women with Cervical Cancer
(International Journal of Academic Pedagogical Research, 2021-08) Alkhair Abd Almahmoud Idris; Alla Hashim Sidig
The main objective was to investigate the level of sex knowledge, sexual education of women diagnosed with cervical cancer in Khartoum State. Methods: This descriptive, cross sectional based study has been conducted in Khartoum State. Samples of 200 Sudanese women, 100 of them were diagnosed with cervical cancer (cases) and the remainder (100) were haven't got symptoms or signs of cervical cancer (control group). Primary data were collected using a questionnaire. Secondary sources of data related to the topic of the current study were books, previous researches, Internet, and other related published and non-published articles. The data collected were analyzed by using SPSS programme V. 12.0. Results: The findings revealed that cervical cancer and satisfaction by sexual education as well as sufficiency of the studied courses and importance of studying sexual education were significantly associated with cervical cancer (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study was successful in raising awareness about the importance of sexual education as preventive means against STIs and cervical caner. The study highly recommends continuing sexual education and awareness campaigns among high risk group in the community.
Awareness of Sudanese Primary Health Care Workers about Oral Cancer
(International Journal of Academic Pedagogical Research, 2021-08) Alkhair Abd Almahmoud Idris; Sakeena Mohammed Aldouma; Fatima Ali Mohammed
Oral cancer is one of the 10 most frequent cancers worldwide; with about three-quarters of all cases occurring in the developing countries. Oral cancer is one of the major health problems in the Sudan, due to the habit use of Toombak which contain high level of the potent carcinogenic component of the tobacco. This study was aimed to assess the awareness of Sudanese primary health care workers about oral cancer. This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Khartoum State (Sudan).Questionnaires were filled with two hundred primary health care workers in Khartoum State, who were randomly selected included doctors, nurses, pharmacists, laboratory technologists, laboratory assistants and counters, assessed their knowledge about oral cancer. Analyses of data were carried out using the SPSS for windows software package. Our results revealed that most of respondents (52%) were at the prime of their youth [20-30 years] and (68.5%) had university education. There was gender differences among respondents, most of them were males constituted 64.5%, the majority (50%) had monthly income between 500-1000 which they were related to middle economic class. Most of respondents (54.5%) were tobacco users, (47%) were cigarette smokers, and among tobacco users majority of them (42%) were used it in between (7-10 years) and (42%) were used it only one time/day. Most of them (82%) were free of alcohol drink and Aragi had been the drink of choice to most of respondents constituted (42%). All respondents (100 %) had heard about oral cancer, Most of them (29%) got their knowledge of oral cancer from television, and majority of them (69%) choice tobacco as the major risk factor for oral cancer. Most of respondents (27%) mentioned that swelling in mouth is the most important signs of oral cancer, and (33%) choice bleeding in mouth as the most important symptoms of oral cancer. Most of respondents (45%) said that histological technique (examination of surgical biopsy) is the best method for diagnosis, and (42%) preferred chemotherapy as the best method for treatment. Majority of respondents (53%) considered stop using of tobacco and early diagnosis as the best method for prevention of oral cancer. In conclusion our results revealed that primary health workers in Khartoum State (Sudan) had a good knowledge about oral cancer risk factors, signs, symptoms, diagnostic techniques and prevention methods but they had poor knowledge about the best treatment methods of oral cancer.
Basic Pharmacology of NG -Nitro – L – Arginine Methyl Ester
(2019-01-30) Muhanad S. Abdelwahab; Mukhallad A. M. Mohammed; H. M. Abdelwhab; Mazin S. Abdalla Mohamed; Mansour Abdelgader Bellal
NG – Nitro- L- arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) is a synthetic drug in which a quanidino is substituted for L-arginine analoques. It is a competitive enzyme inhibitor which inhibits nitric oxide synthase, hence, decreasing nitric oxide production [1].
Cardiac Myosin Heavy Chains
(2019-02-12) Muhanad S. Abdelwahab; Mukhallad Am. Mohamemed; Abdelwahab Hassan Mohamed; Mansour Abdelgader Bellal; Mazin S. Abdalla Mohamed
Myosin is defined as a mechano-enzyme molecule which converts the chemical energy stored as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into mechanical energy (muscle contraction). Moreover, the cardiac muscle has different types of myosin heavy chain when it separated with the one dimensional electrophoresis; in addition to their structural difference cardiac myosin isozymes have different contractile functions.
Chronic Kidney Disease in Police Forces Households in Khartoum, Sudan: Pilot Report
(2009-05) Hasan Abu-Aisha; Elwaleed AM Elhassan; Ammar Hasan Khamis; Adil Abu-Elmaali
Introduction: In the Police Forces Hypertension, Diabetes, Renal Insufficiency and Thyroid Derangement (HyDRIT) pilot study we explored the prevalence, risk factors, awareness, treatment adequacy and complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other non-communicable diseases among adult Police Forces households in two housing complexes in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: Serum creatinine measurements and urine dipstick testing were performed for 273 individuals. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the standardized Cockroft-Gault and the four variable MDRD formulas. CKD was defined as an estimated GFR of less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2 and/or proteinuria. Results: The overall prevalence of CKD was 11% (30/273) using the standardized Cockroft-Gault equation and 7.7% (21/273) using the four variable MDRD equation. According to the standardized Cockroft-Gault formula, 14 subjects had reduced GFR with negative urine dipstick testing, two subjects had both proteinuria and reduced GFR, and 14 subjects had proteinuria without reduction in GFR. None of those subjects was aware of his kidney problem. According to the standardized Cockroft-Gault formula, 14 of the identified CKD cases were hypertensive (46.7%); eight of them (57.1%) had a prior diagnosis of hypertension but none achieved therapeutic targets. Four of the identified CKD cases were diabetic (13.3%), three of whom had a prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus with reasonably controlled blood sugar levels. Only age above 50 years and low educational level proved to be independent risk factors for CKD in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD in the study population seems to be comparable to other countries.
Commotio Cordis: Introduction, Overview and Literature Review
(IJRP.ORG, 2022) Hassan I. Osman; Rudaina I. Osman
Defined as a “blunt nonpenetrating trauma to the chest resulting in irregular heart rhythm and often leading to sudden death” [1], Commotio Cordis (CC) (also known as cardiac concussion [3]) is a topic that has intrigued the interest of many cardiologists, ED physicians, Sports physicians and scientists. Another lovely definition of CC is: “Sudden cardiac death as a result of a seemingly innocent chest blow” [7] Most impacts associated with CC occur in competitive sport settings, confrontations which evolve into violence and “recreational activities” are also another site where CC is possible [2]. We recommend the installment of protective measures in the manner described below. Numerous theories abound as to how and why CC occurs; these are discussed below. In conclusion, we wish to inform first respondents, coaches (who regularly happen to be at the site of CC occurrence, emergency physicians and cardiologists of the possibility of the occurrence of CC in addition to how to manage such situations if they do abound.
Correlations of complete blood count, liver enzyme and serum uric Acid in Sudanese pre-eclamptic cases
(2018-04) Hind M. Beheiry; Ibrahim A. Ali; Mazin S. Abdalla; Ahmed M. Sharif; Amal M. Saeed
Background: Pre-eclampsia is a serious disorder of pregnancy with unknown ethological factors that may occur at any stage of second or third trimester of pregnancy. The objectives of the present study were to assess changes in complete blood counts including platelets, liver enzymes and serum uric acid in pre-eclamptic cases compared to second-half normal pregnant and non-pregnant Sudanese women and their correlations to other biomarkers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, case-control study performed from December 2008 to December 2010; in Omdurman Maternity Hospital, in concomitance with other studies in pre-eclampsia. The sample size included three groups, 72 up pre-eclamptic cases in their recent pregnancies, 96 normal pregnant in their second half of pregnancy and 63 non- pregnant (control) women; a total of 231 subjects. Questionnaire Interviews and clinical examination were done for all participants. Laboratory investigations were done including complete blood picture, liver enzymes and uric acid. Results: The mean Hb concentration of the pre-eclamptic (11.3g/dl±1.7) was statistically significantly lower than that of the non-pregnant (12.1g/dl±0.2) (P=0.01) but not from that of the normal pregnant (11.4g/dl±0.1) (P=0.882) .There was no statistical significant difference in the mean WBC count between the pre-eclamptic (7.4x103/mm3±0.3) and non-pregnant (7.3x103/mm3±0.3) (P=0.797) and between the pre-eclamptic and normal pregnant (7.7x103/mm3±0.2) (P=0.270). There was a considerable statistical significant decrease in the mean platelets count of the pre-eclamptic (236.4/mm3±8.3) compared to the non-pregnant group (322.0/mm3±10.4) (P=0.0001) s well as to the normal pregnant (275.0/mm3±8.9) (P = 0.003). In the pre-eclamptic cases, serum ALT correlated significantly with TWCC (r=0.26, P=0.03) and serum AST (r=0.65, P=0.000). In the pre-eclamptic cases, serum AST correlated significantly with Hb (r=0.26, P=0.03), serum ALT and serum uric acid (r=0.36, P=0.01). Conclusions: There was a considerable statistical significant decrease in mean platelets count of the pre-eclamptic compared to the non-pregnant group and to the normal pregnant may be explained by hemodilution; whereas further decrease was due to pre-eclampsia. ALT and AST are strong prognostic indicators of pre-eclampsia.
COVID-19: How long does it last?
(JRP.ORG, 2021) Hassan I. Osman; MBBS
COVID-19 has taken the world by storm ever since it first appeared in Wuhan, China back in late 2019. In this paper, we observed a phenomenon that has lately manifested in regards to COVID-19 – that being Long-haul COVID, an illness in which COVID-19 symptoms keep manifesting in patients despite the illness having exceeded its expected course. Findings were rather intriguing; the phenomenon has manifested itself in a plethora of manners which are all discussed in the paper. Furthermore, it is important that we note that the phenomenon is poorly studied and is in need of further exploring. We, at Napata Research Innovation Center pledge to set forth and lead, to the best of our capability, the research efforts in regards to COVID-19 and this newly discussed phenomenon.
Cytomorphological Pattern of Urine among Sudanese Patients with Urinary Tract Stone in Shendi Locality
(International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research, 2021-09) Mohammed Abdelgader Elsheikh Mohammed; Mahmoud Ibrahim Osman HamadKhalfalla; Alkhair Abd Almahmoud Idris; Rayan Jaffer Mohammed Khalfalla; Samia Abduelaziz Hassan Bashir; Adan Tagaldeen Ahmed Almsaadd; TasneemMutasimYousifFedlemola
Background: Urinary calculi can induce urothelial cellular abnormalities comparable with those of malignancy. Aim: To detect the Cytomorphological Pattern of Urine in Patients with Urinary Tract Stone among Sudanese patients in Shendi Locality. Materials and methods: This was descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Shendi locality –River Nile State-Sudan, samples were collected from different blocks. Then the collected samples were transferred to Histopathology lab where they processed and stained. A questionnaire for collection demographic data was performed with every participant. Results: The cytological changes in voided urines were analysed from cases and controls, 35 urine samples were taken from each group. Cytological changes were detected in (25/35) 71.4% among cases, and (0/35) 0.00% in controls. No malignancy was seen in all samples. Dyskaryosis in urine cytology revealed that, (12/35) 34.2% of cases with dyskaryosis, while no sample of controls contain dyskaryosis. Cellular atypia was detected in (19/35) 54.2% in the cases and 0/35 0.00% in controls. Metaplasia was detected in (19/35) 54.2% in cases and 0/35 (0.00%) in controls. Features of urinary tract infection were detected in (17/35) 48.5 % in cases and (3/35) 8.57% in controls. Chronic Inflammation conditions were detected in (14/35) 40% of case, (1/35) 2.85% of controls, while acute inflammation present in (8/35) 22.8% of cases and (1/35)2.85%.of controls.Conclusion: Urinary tract stone are more common in peoples live in Shendi town than people's lives in surrounding areas and Metaplasia is the most common cytological changes.
Detection of Mucosal HPVs, HPV16 and HPV18 in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Sudan
(AENSI, 2014-08-29) Zahir A. Hilmi; Nusiaba H. Abdo; Bandar H. Aloufi; Suheir R. Rehan; Yousif; F. Hamedelnil; Husam; M. Abdallatif
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the principal etiology for cervical cancer. Few contradictory researches were published in Sudan. Objectives: This research aimed to explore the roles of HPV16 and HPV18 in cervical cancer in Sudan.Materials and Methods: The DNA was extracted from sections of paraffin embedded tissues of Sudanese women (n, 63) with oral squamous cell carcinomas and controls (n, 17). The patients DNA samples (100ng/μl) were amplified by mucosal HPV GP5+/GP6+, HPV16 type specific and HPV18 type specific primers. Results: GP primers detected mucosal HPVs in 75% (n, 47) of the patients, and none of the controls. HPV16 and HPV18 types were identified from 70% (n, 33) and 9% (n, 4) of the GP positives. HPV16 was identified from all tumor differentiations degrees specially moderately differentiated tumors, while HPV18 was identified from moderate and well differentiated tumors. HPV16 was isolated from all ages but mostly isolated from older patients, while HPV18 was isolated from younger patients. Ten unknown mucosal HPV types were detected. HPV16 and HPV18 were mostly detected in house wives ethnically from Central Sudan. Conclusion: HPV 16 is the most important determinant for development of cervical cancer in Sudan, with less contribution of HPV18. HPV screening and vaccination program has to be established in young Sudanese women.

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