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- ItemPerception of Mental Health Stigma Among Young Adults Aged 18–25 in Khartoum, Sudan (2025)(Napata College, 2025)Background This study explores how young adults in Sudan perceive mental health and its associated stigma, shaped by conflict, displacement, and cultural norms. Focusing on both displaced and non-displaced individuals in Khartoum, it highlights the urgent need for context-sensitive strategies to reduce stigma and improve mental well-being. Objective To explore and understand the perceptions of mental health stigma among young adults aged 18 to 25 in Khartoum in 2025, with the aim of identifying key cultural, social, and contextual factors influencing stigma and informing effective, locally relevant mental health strategies. Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2025 and covered 216 young adults aged 18–25, randomly recruited from Khartoum, Sudan. Data were collected using online, closed-ended standardized questionnaires. The questionnaire was coordinated and supervised by the Research Team Members to maintain consistency and data quality throughout the process. Results Atotal of 216 young adults participated in the study. The majority were aged between 21 and 25 years, with females comprising 61% of the sample. Most participants (93%) had been displaced due to conflict, and 94% had received a university or college education. About 65% were students, while 14% were unemployed. Regarding awareness of mental health stigma, 66% had heard of the term, while 14.4% reported not knowing what it meant, and 18.5% provided unrelated responses. Furthermore, 79% believed that mental health conditions are treated differently than physical health conditions in their communities. Over 80% perceived stigma in Khartoum to be strong or very strong, and most described the general public’s attitude toward mental illness as negative. Cultural beliefs (69%) and religion (57%) were reported as key influences shaping perceptions of mental health. Additionally, 82% of participants associated mental illness with supernatural causes. Education level was noted to have a significant impact on perception, and 55% had been exposed to mental health discussions during school or university. IV When asked about the impact of stigma, 87% believed it reduced young adults’ willingness to seek help. Among those who felt they needed support, 48.1% had avoided seeking care due to fear of judgment. Discrimination in social and professional settings was acknowledged by 69% of respondents. In terms of lived experience, 15.2% reported experiencing trauma. Among them, 48.4% said it came from peers (e.g., friends or classmates), 33.3% from family members, and 18.8% from workplaces.
- ItemKnowledge, attitude and practice of medical students in Sudan about Artificial Intelligence in Radiological Image Analysis in 2024–2025(Napata College, 2025)Background: Now days, Artificial Intelligence is one of the increasingly integrated areas in the field of image analysis, pathology and ophthalmology, offering enhanced diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Despite the advantage of AI, the readiness of future healthcare professionals to use and accept those changes, and the fear of human labor been replaced with AI, remains unclear especially in area of low resource like Sudan. Objective: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of medical students in Sudan regarding the use of AI in radiological image analysis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the medical students at Sudanese universities, Data was collected using a structured questionnaire forum shared with the willing students to participate, to assess their KAP exposure to AI in radiology. Results: the surveyed 311 participants, with 206 (66.45%) are female and 105 (33.55%) are male. Ranged in the age of above 21 to the age of 44, in the 4th, 5th and graduate years, showed a significant variety and association between Gender and Familiarity with AI and as well as between Education and Familiarity, AI was perceived as non beneficial in about 70.21% of the participant answering “No” and only 29.79% answered “YES”, 44.4% were concerned about cost implementation while 25% about privacy, as only 26.9% reported that it help in early detection and 25% in reducing overload from radiologist. Conclusion: Even though Participant recognize the AI as a valuable tool in Radiology but still the uncertainty in the area of cost of implementing (44.4%) and data privacy (25%) was a big concern letting about 70% to say NO to the beneficial aspect of AI, with The Likert scale questions showed a neutral to slightly positive response about the utility safety and integration of AI in medical image analysis, however internal consistency was very low about Cronbach’s alpha=0.26, indicating a divergent view across individual items. Key Words: Artificial Intelligence, Radiology, Medical Students, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Sudan.
- ItemAssessment of Urea, creatinine and sodium in patients with heart failure(Napata College, 2025)chronic heart failure is a complex of symptoms fatigue, shortness of breath, and congestion that are related to the inadequate perfusion of tissue during exertion and often to the retention of fluid ( 1 )، Despite remarkable therapeutic advances in the management of patients with heart failure (HF), the mortality due to this syndrome remains high ( 2 ) Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a progressive and disabling condition that significantly impacts patients' daily lives ،One of its effects is decreased opportunities to participate in social life, leading to reduced social interaction, loneliness, social isolation and lack of social support to continue with their daily life activities ( 3 ). There are causes and factors that affect the heart .Usually, high blood pressure, obesity, type 2 diabetes [T2DM], coronary artery disease [CAD], and heart valve diseases [VHD]), which more affect both the heart and blood vessels,( 4 )،In chronic v heart failure, the reduction of cardiac result and increased systemic vascular resistance to reduce blood flow to many regional vascular family, especially kidney [1-3]. The reduction of renal blood flow is accompanied by reducing the globatic nomination (GFR) and the renal streaming of sodium and water, which contributes to the composition of the edema،( 5 )، and Creatinine and urea concentrations in the blood change backward with the changes in GFR,( 6 ) The levels of urea in the blood are completely sensitive indicators for kidney disease, and they are high when the renal function drops to about 25-50% of natural,( 7 ) Creatinine levels were increased slightly due to the damage to the kidny by rdusced glumelar filtration rate ( 8 ).
- ItemAssessment of Academic and Social affect of Post-Traumatic Experience of War in Napta college Students, 2024-2025(Napata College, 2025)Background: The armed conflict in Sudan has resulted in the displacement of over 10 million people, placing an unprecedented psychological burden on the civilian population, especially university students. Exposure to war-related trauma is known to significantly impact mental health, academic performance, and social functioning. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common and disabling consequences of such trauma. Objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence of PTSD among Sudanese university students affected by the ongoing war and to investigate the relationship between PTSD symptoms and academic as well as social performance. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among university students in conflict-affected regions of Sudan. A structured questionnaire including the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), a Trauma Exposure Scale, and academic and social functioning tools was administered. The tools were translated into Arabic where necessary, tested for clarity, and validated for local context. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, and results were presented in dummy tables and descriptive statistics. Findings: Preliminary findings show a high prevalence of PTSD symptoms among the respondents. There were strong correlations between trauma exposure and academic underachievement, absenteeism, reduced concentration, and impaired social engagement. Female students and those with direct exposure to violent events reported significantly higher PTSD scores. These findings align with previous literature on trauma in conflict settings (e.g., Badri et al., 2012; Hussein et al., 2025). Conclusion: The war in Sudan has severely affected the mental health and academic trajectories of university students. There is a critical need for integrated mental health support, trauma-informed academic interventions, and policy measures to support this vulnerable population. Addressing PTSD in educational institutions can play a vital role in rebuilding individual resilience and societal recovery in post-conflict Sudan
- ItemEvaluation of the Effectiveness of Distance Learning Versus Traditional Education for Medical Students at Napata College, Sudan, 2025(Napata College, 2025)Background: In recent years, the logistical challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Sudan have prompted medical educators to explore an expanded use of online instructional modalities. There are concerns that this shift to online education in medical schools could affect long-term learning outcomes for future healthcare providers. Furthermore, the effectiveness of this learning approach has not been thoroughly studied and evaluated. Online learning provides many educational benefits for medical education. However, there remain many challenges and obstacles which obstruct its effective usage. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of online learning among medical students of Napata College in Sudan in 2025. Method: An observational descriptive cross-sectional facility-based study was conducted between March and April 2025. A total of 324 medical students participated in this study from Napata College, Sudan. Data was collected using online self-administered questionnaires using Google forms. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results: A total of 324 medical students participated in this study, of which females (68.8%) were more numerous than males (31.2%), and the most common age group was found to be 20-23 years (73.8%). The most common academic year was fourth year (47.5%), and half of students (50.3%) had a good academic performance. More than half of students (52.8%) were living inside Sudan, while (47.2%) were outside Sudan. The majority (82.4%) preferred traditional face-to-face education over online-learning. The overall positive perception of students towards online learning and its effectiveness was found to be 47.1%, while 52.9% had negative perception. Time-saving (75.9%), more attendance (33%), and more attention (29%) were the most common mentioned advantages of online-learning. On the other hand, less attention (48.8%), getting bored (45.7%), and less understanding (38.9%) were the most common mentioned disadvantages of online-learning. A significant association was found between students preferences regarding type of education and age, academic year, and perception towards online learning (P-value = 0.0007, 0.0004, and 0.00003, respectively). Furthermore, a significant association was found between perception towards online learning and both age and residence status, (P-value = 0.0009, and < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: Overall, the findings from Napata College indicate a strong preference for traditional face-to-face education, despite the accessibility of online learning resources. While distance learning offers benefits like time efficiency and flexibility, challenges such as reduced engagement and comprehension persist. This study is reinforces the notion that while distance learning can complement medical education, it may not fully replace traditional methods. Future strategies should focus on blended learning models that integrate the strengths of both approaches to optimize medical education.