Issue 2

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    Knowledge of Midwives in the Prevention of Vertical Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Alfasher, North Darfur State, Sudan, 2024
    (2025-08) Mastoura Mohammed Hamid Adam; Mustafa Khidir Mustafa Elnimeiri; Amal Badawi Bushra
    Background: Vertical transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) refers to the transmission of HIV from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Effective prevention strategies are crucial to reducing the risk of this transmission. These strategies include the primary prevention of HIV infection among young women, prevention of unintended pregnancies in HIV-positive women, the use of antiretroviral drugs, and optimal management and support for both HIV-infected individuals and their infants. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of midwives regarding the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted across six health centers and four Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camp clinics in Alfasher, North Darfur State, Sudan. A total of 79 midwives participated in the study, selected through simple random sampling. A questionnaire, pre-tested by a pilot study was used. It covered participants' sociodemographic data, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, vertical transmission and its prevention. Results: The study found that midwives had inadequate knowledge of HIV/AIDS, vertical transmission and its prevention. About half of the participants reported that HIV/AIDS topics were not included in their midwifery curriculum. Additionally, 61% stated that the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) program was not implemented in their workplace, and 76% reported a lack of essential supplies at their healthcare facilities. Conclusion: The study revealed a significant deficiency in midwives’ knowledge of HIV/AIDS, vertical transmission and its prevention, highlighting a concerning knowledge gap regarding PMTCT of HIV. The study recommends strengthening midwifery continuing education programs and refresher courses focused on updated HIV protocols. Additionally, it is essential to ensure the consistent availability of supplies at health facilities to support the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV
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    Perspectives and Pedagogical Advancement in Biochemistry Education in Sudanese Medical Schools
    (Napata College, 2025-08) Aisha Ibrahim. A. Omer; Siham Mohamed Ahmed Bakhit
    Background: Medical biochemistry is a vital foundational subject in medical education. Sudan hosts quite a high number of medical schools, comprising 23% of Sub-Saharan Africa’s and 10% of the Eastern Mediterranean Region’s institutions. This study explores the perspectives of Sudanese biochemistry educators regarding curriculum structure, teaching approaches, topic sequencing, assessment methods, student feedback, and recommendations for improvement. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a Google Form, targeting educators from 28 public (out of 33, representing 84.8%) and 12 private (out of 24, representing 50%) Sudanese medical schools. At least one public university from each state was included to ensure broad representation. The questionnaire assessed curriculum integration, instructional strategies, assessment methods, and educator qualifications. Results: The study covered 87% of public universities and private institutions in Khartoum State. An integrated curriculum was reported in 60.3% of schools, with strong horizontal and vertical integration. Approximately 50% (n = 29) of biochemistry educators held PhDs at the assistant or associate professor level. Lecture-based teaching, supplemented by problem-based learning (PBL), was common (77.6%), and 79.3% of respondents reported using both formative and summative assessments. While 72% of educators considered the biochemistry content in the curriculum sufficient, many advocated for better organization and sequencing of topics. Student feedback revealed that 77.6% of students found biochemistry difficult, with 13.8% perceiving it as a subject that relies heavily on memorization. A major concern identified was students’ inadequate background in chemistry, reported by 74.1% of educators. Conclusion: Introducing a preparatory chemistry course is strongly recommended to address students' insufficient foundational knowledge. Additionally, promoting project-based learning, small group activities, and enhancing institutional support for educators in research and technology use are essential strategies to improve teaching effectiveness and student engagement in biochemistry
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    The Awareness of the Effects of Insomnia on the General and Oral Health Among Dental Students at Napata College in 2025
    (Napata College, 2025-08) Dalia Ahmed Gasm Elseed; Areej Mohamed El-Mostafa; Fatima Mohameed Ahmed Alameen; Mosaab Ahmed AbdElaziz; Muntaha Abdlmutalib Saad; Samah Abdulrahman Osman; Abrar Mansour Mohammed
    Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that can significantly affect both general and oral health. It is particularly prevalent among dental students, whose academic pressures may exacerbate sleep disturbances. This study aimed to assess the impact of insomnia on the general and oral health of dental students at Napata College. Method: A cross-sectional, faculty-based study was conducted among 90 dental students in their 4th and 5th years of the dental program at Napata College. Participants were surveyed regarding their general health, oral health, awareness of insomnia, and its effects on their academic performance. Data were analyzed to determine the prevalence of insomnia and its impact on various health aspects. Results: The study found that 7.9% of students suffered from insomnia. General health issues associated with insomnia included gastrointestinal symptoms (51.1%), fatigue (52.2%), anxiety (22.2%), and reduced stress-coping ability (35.6%). Oral health problems included bruxism (21.1%), temporomandibular joint disorders (7.8%), and dry mouth (8.9%). Additionally, 90% of students believed that insomnia negatively affected their oral health, primarily due to reduced motivation for oral care. Furthermore, 44.4% of students reported missing classes or clinical duties due to sleep deprivation. Conclusion: This study indicates a moderate prevalence of insomnia among dental students, negatively affecting their general health, oral health, and academic performance. Addressing sleep disorders in this population may help improve both health outcomes and academic achievement.
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    Seasonal Variation in Herd Size and Composition of Waterbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa between years, months, meadows and day time in Dinder National Park, Sudan
    (Napata College, 2025-08) Reem Ahmed Hamid; Dawi Musa Hamed; Elfatih E. Mahgoub
    Background: The size and composition of the group are the most basic elements of social organization in herding ungulates. The aim of this study was to investigate the herd composition of waterbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa "Katambour" in Dinder National Park. Methods: Direct observation method was used to estimate the herd size and composition, the study was conducted in February, March, April and May 2018-2019. Results: The results of herd composition revealed the effect of independent variables (year, meadows, month and time) on the dependent variable (herd composition) showed statistically significant differences where all P-values were less than 0.0001. Defassa waterbuck herd did not exist in Beit-alwahash meadows during the study period. Comment: Three solitary males were seen in different meadows. A lonely female with very young calf (about one week or less of age) was seen in Abdel-Gani meadow. A bachelor herd of about 17-21 males wasseen in Ras-amir meadow in March 2018. Nursery herd exist commonly in AbdelGani and Ein-alshamis meadow. Three predations were recorded. Further studies of Defassa waterbuck in different seasons with emphasis on the effect of war in their numbers, composition and distribution are needed.
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    Realization of Divine Providence: The Power of Psychospiritual Healing
    (Napata College, 2025-08) Elzubaeir Beshier Taha; Hasan Abuaisha Hamid Abuaisha
    A defining belief common to all Muslims is recognition of the so called ninety-nine names of Allah as describing the attributes that define Allah’s essence and actions. All 99 names accentuate Divine Providence, some more directly than others. All names emphasize God’s sustenance, guidance, governance, mercy, care, love and healing. Compared to other theologies, the Qur'an emphasizes the doctrine of the Universality of Divine Attributes (notably providence), which is not confined to time, place, or people; much more clearly than other monotheistic theologies. Moreover, according to the Qur'an Islam is a religion addressed to all mankind not just Muslims. Man according to Islam is not necessarily sinful, estranged or isolated. Significantly, Islam does not recognize that human suffering relates to any intrinsic conflict or strained composition. Admittedly, suffering can occur incidentally but not necessarily. This stands at odds with all the conflict presuppositions in other contemporary creeds. The discrepancy between Islam and other creeds reaches its utmost peak in dealing with the path to redemption or obtaining peace of mind (associated with psychological well being) In Islam the answer to sustained, lifelong peace of mind is, in short, abiding by Shariah. Shariah is the divine guidance for man that shapes man’s entire way of life. So- contrary to the commonly held belief- Shariah is not simply a legal code; rather it is the path that delineates moral, legal and social norms for both individuals and societies. This path includes acts of worship; communal dealings such as commerce, finance and family laws; ethics and manners; civil and criminal law; governance and inter-governmental relations to mention but a few (not to speak of actions of the heart, {al-A’amal al-Qalbia})
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    role of budgets in forecasting financial risks in industrial companies (Petro bash co. ltd. case study)
    (Napata College, 2025-08) bdelrahman Omer Ahmed Mohamed; Mazin Badreldin Omer Elhag Musa
    The study deals with the role of budgets in anticipating future financial risks, the problem of the study is how budgets can help in discovering financial problems, the study aimed to determine the importance of comprehensive budgets and their role in anticipating financial deviations, the study used both the descriptive and analytical approaches , the study concluded that understanding financial risks , leads to an increased focus on the importance of financial projections, the financial manager of the company is responsible for the decision of financial risks forecasting, the gathering and communication of master budget information useful to forecast the financial risks and applying the planning and control the costs system to help the financial managers to estimates the cost of products and services to support the future expectation strategy of financial risks. The study concluded that the financial manager of the company is responsible for the decision of financial risks forecasting ,the gathering and communication of master budget information useful to forecast the financial risks and the influence characteristics of master budget information are useful to expect and forecast the financial risks. the study recommended that all industrial companies should apply appropriate budgetary processes, techniques and tools to be used to improve value of anticipating financial risks.