Issue 3

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Browsing Issue 3 by Author "Gaafer A. Hamid"

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    Heavy Metal Concentration in Commonly Consumed Fruits from Ed-damer City, Sudan.
    (Napata College, 2024-12) Sumia A. Nimir; Fatima M. Babiker; Gaafer A. Hamid
    Fruits play an important role in meeting daily dietary needs by providing essential vitamins, iron, calcium, potassium, and trace metals that serve as dietary supplements or function as crucial elements in hormones or enzymes at low concentrations. However, at high concentrations, these metals can become toxic and have harmful effects. This study aimed to detect the concentration levels of certain heavy metals in the most commonly consumed fruits in Sudan: banana, orange, guava, and lemon. These fruits were randomly collected from the market in Eddamer city. The samples were analyzed, and the concentrations of Cu, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Pb were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). When compared with permissible levels established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization (SSMO), the results showed an increase in some elements across most samples. Notably, high concentrations of Pb were observed in banana samples (1.00 mg/kg), oranges (0.81 mg/kg), guava (0.79 mg/kg), and lemon (0.53 mg/kg). The Cd concentrations in banana samples (0.23 mg/kg), oranges (0.28 mg/kg), and lemon (0.17 mg/kg) were also high, except in guava (0.05 mg/kg), which remained within the permissible limits set by WHO and SSMO. This elevated presence of Cd and Pb may be attributed to environmental pollution. In contrast, the concentrations of other elements, including Co, Cr, and Mn, were low in all samples, remaining within safe limits defined by WHO and SSMO. Overall, the study's findings are consistent with values reported in existing literature.