Sociology

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Browsing Sociology by Author "Kunibert Raffer"

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    Migration from Rural Sudan to the Oil-Rich Arab Countries
    (Palgrave Macmillan, 1992) Al Nagarabi, Mohammed Abdalla; Kunibert Raffer; M. A. Mohamed Salih
    The question of rural out-migration has received much attention in the literature. However, perceptions as to the possible effects on both sending and receiving areas or countries vary considerably. Ostensibly, two views prevail at present. On the one hand, many studies emphasise the negative impact of out-migration on the sending areas (Reichert, 1981, p. 63; Jamal, 1988, p. 808). These studies depict the inflationary effects of remittances (ILO, 1975, p. 65; Jamal, 1988, p. 808; Choucri, 1986, p. 703); self-perpetuation of the migration process (Reichert, op. cit., p. 64); an increase in interpersonal and interhousehold inequality within and between villages (Lipton, 1980, p. 1); and/or family disorganisation (Nour, 1986, p. 148). Others, however, view rural out-migration as generally positive. It is argued that the migration of ordinary working people to higher-paid jobs abroad is a major avenue of escape from poverty and oppression (Griffin, 1976, p. 353). Furthermore it is stated that emigration raises the welfare both of the migrant and their dependents who would otherwise not be able to sustain themselves (ibid., p. 354). Studies of the effect of rural out-migration on family organisation found that in most cases migration enhances extended family cohesion (Williams and Williams, 1965, p. 64; Van Velsen, 1960, p. 265). None the less, other studies, for example Gulati (1983) and Grawert in the next chapter of this volume, showed the increasing independence of women in rural migrant households.